知识产权质押风险补偿基金中补偿规则的法律完善——以珠海市规范性文件为例的分析

Legislation perfection about the compensation rules in the compensation fund for the risk of IP pledge

文章采用规范分析、政策价值、案例研究和比较研究的方法,以知识产权质押风险补偿基金补偿规则为研究对象,目的是提出关于补偿规则法律规范的完善建议。现行规范中的风险补偿基金,从厘定补偿范围和最大限度保障知识产权实现条件入手,其本质是政策性的特户质+赋予平台双重法律地位,这样的设计应予坚持。但仍存在不足:第一,补偿范围界定不准确,包括对被担保债权理论性质缺乏定性、缺乏认定质权人获取补偿的正当性标准;第二,平台功能设计不到位,包括平台的受托评估人法律定位不牢固、平台的义务内容不明确、协助处置质物的法律定位不清晰,缺乏归责机制。因此,仍需完善。完善路径包括:宏观上,凸显补偿范围的非金钱债权属性,明确平台兼具评估受托人和中介人的法律地位;微观上,确定补偿范围是评估价格与清算价格的差价,在无法确定时,再适用法定赔偿额度;删除基金管理人在贷款之初对补偿范围的认定权、稳固平台是唯一的受托评估人的法律地位、补充平台的忠实义务、扩充勤勉尽责义务内容,同时加强对平台的监管。

The paper uses multiple methods,such as rules analyzing,policy value,case study and comparative methods to research the compensation rules of fund for risk compensation of intellectual property pledge to put forward improvement suggestions.The legislation focuses on how to ascertain the scope of compensation and how to facilitate the realization of intellectual property,the fund for risk compensation is account pledge and the platform has double legal status,however,such legislation still has shortcomings.Firstly,the scope of compensation is not accurate,i.e.,it lacks definition of nature of the secured debt and lacks reasonable standard of getting compensation for pledger.Secondly,the function of platform does not get the point,including:the legal position of the platform as entrusted assessor is not confirmed,the obligation of the platform is not clear,the legal position of assisting in the disposal of pledge is not clear,and there is a lack of imputation mechanism.The improvement path includes:on the macro level,highlighting the non-monetary creditor’s rights attribute of the compensation scope,making clear that the platform has the legal status of both evaluation trustee and intermediary;on the micro level,the scope of risk compensation is the balance between the appraisal price and liquidating price,when not ascertained,legal compensation should be used;the power towards the scope of risk compensation for fund managers should be cancelled,the status of platform as entrusted assessor should be confirmed,and the duties of online platform should be honest and diligence,meanwhile,the platform should be monitored.