高中生“芳香烃”心智模型的测评及其教学启示

Evaluation of High School Students’Mental Model About Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Its Teaching Implications

采用二阶式纸笔测验以及半结构化访谈法对高中生持有的“芳香烃”心智模型进行测评,并重点分析了学生建构的与“芳香烃和苯的同系物的概念”“芳香烃的结构”“苯及其同系物的化学性质”等概念群相关的缺陷模型。研究发现学生建构的有关“芳香烃”缺陷模型包括3大类共计11种;学生对有机物空间结构的想象力和建构能力较为薄弱;学生对“有机化合物结构内基团之间相互作用对其化学性质的影响”认识不足,“性质-结构”模型不完善;学生建构的有机化学的心智模型尚不具备整体性。

The“aromatic hydrocarbon”mental model held by high school students was evalu-ated by a second-order paper-and-pencil test and a semi-structured interview.We mainly focus on students’non-scientific mental model about“aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene’s concept/structure/chemical properties”.The research shows that students’non-scientific models about aromatic hydrocarbon include 11species in three categories;students’imagination and construction of the spatial structure are weak;students have insufficient understanding of the influence of the interaction between groups in organic compound structures on their chemical properties,the“nature-structure”model is imperfect;the mental model of organic chemistry is not yet integrated.