基于肠道微生物及其代谢产物的2型糖尿病治疗药物的研究进展

Research progress of drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes based on gut microbiome and microbial-derived metabolites

随着人类微生物组学研究的深入,肠道微生物在人类健康中的作用逐渐得到重视。作为人体内的隐形器官,肠道微生物参与机体的代谢调控,肠道微生物失调可能造成各种常见代谢紊乱疾病,如2型糖尿病等。通过微生物组学和代谢组学的联合分析,人们逐渐从机制上了解肠道微生物及其代谢衍生物与2型糖尿病的关系。与正常人群相比,2型糖尿病人群中肠道微生物的组成在变形菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比值中发生了明显变化。肠道微生物产生的短链脂肪酸、氨基酸代谢衍生物可以作为信使调节机体的葡萄糖代谢,影响2型糖尿病的发生、发展。二甲双胍等2型糖尿病治疗药物通过与肠道微生物的相互作用来降低血糖。综述了肠道微生物及其代谢产物关联2型糖尿病治疗药物的研究进展。

With the development of human microbiomics, more and more attention has been paid to the role of intestinal microorganisms in human health. Gut microbiota serves as an "invisible organ" modulating the host metabolism in the human body, whereas the intestinal flora imbalance is associated with development of certain metabolism diseases such as type 2 diabetes, etc. Integrated microbiome and metabolome analysis have linked the gut microbiota community and microbial-derived metabolites to type 2 diabetes. Compared with the normal population, people with type 2 diabetes had a statistically different gut community composition in Proteobacteria, Bacteroides and Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratios. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and amino acid metabolites, were indicated to modulate the host glucose metabolism, thus having impacts on the development of type 2 diabetes. Metformin as well as other antidiabetic agents can decrease the levels of blood glucose by interacting with gut microbiota and microbial-derived metabolites. This paper reviewed the research progress of drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes based on gut microbiome and microbial-derived metabolites in the development of type 2 diabetes.