经典名方清金化痰汤的研究进展

Advance in Study on Classic Prescription Qingjin Huatantang

清金化痰汤来源于《医学统旨》,由黄芩、栀子、川贝母、桑白皮、炒瓜蒌子、橘红、桔梗、麦冬(去心)、知母、茯苓、甘草11味药物组成,是明代医家叶文龄所创,用于治疗痰浊不化、蕴而化热所致肺系疾病的经典名方。其清热润肺、化痰止咳功效显著,该方已经收录于国家中医药管理局2018年发布的《古代经典名方目录(第一批)》中。现代研究表明,清金化痰汤具有镇咳祛痰、抗炎、松弛支气管平滑肌、调节免疫等多重药理作用,临床应用则大多通过加减或联合西药用于慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期、社区获得性肺炎、急慢性支气管炎、支气管扩张等感染性肺系疾病,与古代临床应用一致。通过查阅文献,本文从方剂的历史沿革、配伍分析、化学成分及质量控制、现代药理研究及临床应用方面总结归纳其研究进展,以期为经典名方清金化痰汤的研究开发提供理论和实验数据参考,并提出以清金化痰汤免疫调节等药理作用为基础,建立生物活性测定方法,补充完善其质量控制方法,为经典名方的质量控制提供参考。

Qingjin Huatanpang,first contained in Yixue Tongzhi,was composed of eleven medicinal materials of Scutellariae Radix,Gardeniae Fructus,Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus,Mori Cortex,Trichosanthis Semen Tostum, Citri Exocarpium Rubrum, Platycodonis Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix(core removed),Anemarrhenae Rhizoma,Poria and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. It is a classic prescription created by YE Wen-ling in Ming dynasty for treating pulmonary disease with phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome. With the significant functions of clearing heat and moistening lung,reducing phlegm and relieving cough,it has been included in the "Classic Catalogue of Ancient Classics(First Batch)". Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Qingjin Huatantang has multiple activities such as relieving cough and eliminating phlegm,antiinflammatory,bronchodilation,and immunoregulatory,and now it is commonly used for treating infectious lung diseases, such as acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, community acquire pneumonia,bronchiectasis,acute and chronic bronchitis in a form of its modified prescription or its combined use with western medicine,consistent with the clinical application in ancient times. According to the literatures on the study of Qingjin Huatantang published in recent years,this paper summed up the historical evolution,compatibility analysis,chemistry constituents,quality control,advances in pharmacology research,and clinical uses,which can provide theoretical and experimental data reference for further research and development,and proposed to establish a biological activity assay for quality control based on the pharmacological effect such as immunoregulatory activity,which can improve its quality control method and provide a reference for other famous classical formulas.