修辞、叙事与法学教育

Rhetoric,Narrative and Legal Education

法律无法独立于修辞而存在。法律文本需要制度性修辞来弥合僵化规则与流变生活之间的紧张关系,法律实践需要叙事性修辞来为形式逻辑推理注入实质合理性内核。法律实践中叙事的说服力源于对叙事要素的策略性使用,将人物、情节和意义依照融贯性、一致性和逼真性的原则建构为可被听众所感知和认同的法律叙事。现有的法学教育更强调对形式逻辑推理能力的培养,法律实践中必不可少的叙事技能并未得到有意识地训练。对此,可在课堂教学中引导学生开展对案例事实的叙事结构与重构,在仿真实践课程中锻炼学生的叙事建构能力,并在诊所教学中引导学生运用叙事技巧整合事实陈述与规范评价,提升法律论证的说服力。

The law cannot exist independently of rhetoric.Legal texts need institutional rhetoric to bridge the tension between rigid rules and rheological life.Legal practice requires narrative rhetoric to inject substantive rationality into formal logical reasoning.The persuasive power of narrative in legal practice stems from the strategic use of narrative elements,constructing characters,plots and meanings according to the principles of coherence,consistency and fidelity as legal narratives that can be perceived and recognized by the audience.The existing teaching of law practice emphasizes the cultivation of formal logic reasoning skills,and the narrative skills essential in legal practice have not been consciously trained.In this regard,students should be guided to develop the narrative ability to deconstruct and reconstruct the case facts in class teaching,and encourage students to exercise narrative reconstruction ability in virtual practical class,furthermore to integrate factual statements and normative evaluations in clinic teaching to enhance the persuasiveness of legal argumentation.