重症药疹致敏药物及相关危险因素的临床分析

Clinical Analysis of Allergic Drugs and Related Risk Factors for Severe Drug Eruption

目的对重症药疹患者的危险因素和致敏药物相关分析。方法对医院2014年5月-2019年5月期间出现的30例重症药疹患者进行回顾性分析,观察患者出现药疹的危险因素和致敏药物。结果本次回顾性分析发现,在危险因素上,患者年龄、药物使用时长、合并用药数量等相关因素都与药疹发生与治疗存在关系;在致敏药物上,抗生素类药物为主要致敏药物,占比30.00%,抗生素合并中药注射剂(16.67%)、抗生素合并血液制品(10.00%)、抗生素合并NSAIDS(10.00%),抗生素类药物以头孢菌素类和青霉素类为主;其次包括解热镇痛合并中药注射剂(13.33%)、多种中药注射剂(13.33%)、抗癫痫类(6.67%)。结论重症药疹患者易受到年龄、药物使用时长、合并多种药物因素影响。

Objective To analyze the risk factors of patients with severe drug eruption and the correlation between sensitizing drugs.Methods 30 patients with severe drug eruption from May 2014 to May 2019 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,and the risk factors and sensitizing drugs of drug eruption were observed.Results This retrospective analysis found that,in terms of risk factors,age of patients,duration of drug use,number of concomitant drugs and other related factors were all related to drug eruption and treatment.In sensitizing drugs,antibiotics are the main sensitizing drugs,accounting for 30.00%,antibiotics combined with traditional Chinese medicine injection(16.67%),antibiotics combined with blood products(10.00%),antibiotics combined with NSAIDS(10.00%),antibiotics are mainly cephalosporins and penicillins.Secondly,it includes antipyretic and analgesic combined with traditional Chinese medicine injections(13.33%),multiple traditional Chinese medicine injections(13.33%),and antiepileptic drugs(6.67%).Conclusion Patients with severe drug eruption are vulnerable to age,duration of drug use and multiple drug factors.