内蒙古东南部地区玉米大豆轮作效应研究

Study on the Effect of Maize and Soybean Rotation in Southeastern Inner Mongolia

为了解决内蒙古东南部地区玉米长期连作带来的土壤生态环境问题,依据8年田间定位试验研究,分析不同轮作体系对大豆和玉米产量及经济效益的影响。本研究设置了3个作物种植模式,分别为玉米连作(MC)、玉米-大豆轮作(M-S)、玉米-玉米-大豆轮作(M-M-S),于秋季测定大豆和玉米的产量及产量性状,并比较分析不同模式产值效益。结果表明:与MC相比,M-M-S和M-S玉米产量平均增加了8.61%和15.08%,轮作玉米的穗长、穗粗、百粒重均高于MC。不同轮作模式间大豆产量差异不显著,与M-S相比,M-M-S有增加大豆产量、株高、单株荚数及百粒重的趋势,产量平均增加了13.06%。在旱涝年份,轮作对产量影响效果大于常年。不同模式的年均产值和成本表现为MC> M-M-S>M-S,M-M-S与MC效益持平且高于M-S,产投比为M-M-S>MC>M-S。因此,在研究区域内M-M-S模式较M-S模式具有更好的产量和经济生态效益表现,更加适于在内蒙古东南部推广。

In order to solve the soil ecological environment problems caused by the long-term continuous cropping of maize in the southeastern part of Inner Mongolia, based on the 8-year field experiment research, the impact of different crop rotation systems on the yield and economic benefits of soybean and maize was analyzed. In this study, three crop planting models were set up, namely continuous maize cropping(MC), maize-soybean rotation(M-S) and maize-maize-soybean rotation(M-M-S). The yield and yield traits of soybean and maize were measured in autumn, and the output value benefits of different models were compared and analyzed. The results of the study showed that,compared with MC, the maize yield of M-M-S and M-S increased by 8.61% and 15.08% on average respectively, and the ear length, ear diameter and 100-seed weight of rotation maize were higher than MC. There was no significant difference in soybean yield among different rotation patterns. Compared with M-S, M-M-S had a tendency to increase soybean yield, plant height, pods per plant and 100-seed weight, and the yield increased by 13.06% on average. In drought and flood years, the effect of crop rotation on yield was greater than that of normal years. The average annual output value and cost of different models were MC>M-M-S>M-S. The benefits of M-M-S and MC were the same and higher than M-S, and the production-to-investment ratio was M-M-S>MC>M-S. Therefore, the M-M-S model in the study area has better yield and economic and ecological performance than the M-S model, and is more suitable for promotion in southeastern Inner Mongolia.