感染性疾病单克隆抗体的研究进展

Development of monoclonal antibodies against infectious diseases

近年来,感染性疾病(infectious disease)已成为一种严重威胁人类健康的疾病。有研究显示,预计感染性疾病引起的死亡人数在2050年将达到1000万。由于超级细菌及新型病毒的出现,推动了现有感染性疾病治疗方法的发展。其中,单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody,McAb)以其具有特异性强、副作用小、灵敏性高等优势,成为对抗各种感染源持续攻击的治疗方法之一。随着抗体技术的发展,有很多针对感染性疾病的McAb进入研发或临床试验阶段,希望用于预防与治疗感染性疾病。目前,抗生素价格低廉,McAb治疗成本高、诊断学并行发展的需求是其主要的发展障碍。因此,McAb在治疗感染性疾病中找到较合适的定位非常重要,很多国内外公司通过分子工程设计等方式改善抗体的治疗潜力,成为McAb药物的发展策略。现就McAb治疗感染性疾病的研究现状与药物研发策略作一综述。

In recent years,infectious diseases have become a serious threat to health.Some studies predict that the number of deaths caused by infectious diseases will reach 10 million by 2050.Due to the emergence of drug-resistant superbacteria and new viruses,the development of the existing treatment methods for infectious diseases has been promoted.Because of its high specificity,lower side effects and good flexibility,monoclonal antibody(McAb)has become one of the treatment methods against the continuous attack of various infection sources.With the development of antibody technology,many monoclonal antibodies against infectious diseases have entered the stage of research or clinical trials,which are expected to be used to prevent and treat infectious diseases.The main obstacles exisiting in development of monoclonal antibody therapy are the high cost of monoclonal antibody and the need for parallel development of diagnostics.Therefore,it is very important for monoclonal antibody to find a more suitable location in the treatment of infectious diseases.The therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibody was improved by means of molecular engineering design,which has become the development strategy of monoclonal antibody drugs.In this paper,the research status and drug development strategy of monoclonal antibody in the treatment of infectious diseases are reviewed.