2015-2019年鞍山市疑似预防接种异常反应监测结果分析

Analysis of Adverse Events Following Immunization in Anshan City From 2015 to 2019

目的分析2015-2019年鞍山市疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)的流行病学特征,旨在评价AEFI监测工作质量和疫苗接种安全性。方法收集中国免疫规划信息管理系统中2015-2019年报告的鞍山市AEFI个案数据和各疫苗接种剂次数,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。采用SPSS 18.0软件进行趋势性χ^(2)检验。结果2015-2019年鞍山市共报告AEFI 1256例,其中一般反应、异常反应分别占88.54%和7.88%。AEFI估算报告发生率为48.31/10万剂,其中一般反应、异常反应报告发生率分别为43.10/10万剂、3.72/10万剂。男女性别比为1.20∶1,0~1岁儿童占74.28%。报告例数居前3位的疫苗分别是无细胞百白破疫苗、乙脑减毒疫苗和A群流脑疫苗,报告发生率居前3位的疫苗分别是无细胞百白破疫苗、麻腮风疫苗和白破疫苗。90.93%的AEFI发生在接种疫苗后0~1 d。异常反应以过敏性皮疹为主。结论2015-2019年鞍山市AEFI以一般反应为主,严重异常反应极少发生。AEFI监测系统敏感性持续增高,但仍需加强AEFI数据质量,强化接种规程标准化,着重对薄弱地区的管理。

Objective To describe characteristics and incidence of Adverse Events Following Immunization(AEFI)in Anshan during 2015-2019 so as to evaluate the quality of AEFI surveillance and the safety of vaccine.Methods Data on reported AEFI cases and vaccine doses administered were collected through the National Immunization Program Information Management System,and analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods.SPSS 18.0 software was used for the trend chi-square test.Results A total of 1256 AEFI cases were reported during 2015-2019.88.54% cases were common vaccine reactions,7.88% cases were rare vaccine reactions.The estimated AEFI rate was 48.31/105,43.10/105 and 3.72/105 doses were for total,common and rare vaccine reactions respectively.The male to female ratio was 1.20∶1.74.28% of AEFI cases were children less than 2 years.The top three vaccines were DTa P,JEV-L and MPV-A based on the number of cases reported.The top three vaccines were DTa P,MMR and DT according to reported AEFI rate.90.93% of cases occurred between 0 and 1 day after vaccination.Notably,most reported rare vaccine reactions were anaphylactic rash.Conclusion Most reported AEFI cases were common vaccine reactions.There was an extremely low incidence of serious vaccine reactions during 2015-2019.The sensitivity of AEFI surveillance system has been constantly improved,but AEFI data quality and the management of weak region need to be strengthened,and standardized vaccination needs to be emphasized.