2015-2018年茌平县88所中小学生传染病防控现状调查

Investigation on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases Among 88 Primary and Secondary School Students in Chiping County From 2015 to 2018

目的分析茌平县中小学生传染病防控现状,分析其影响因素。方法对2015-2018年茌平县88所中小学传染病防治情况进行调查,并采用Logistic回归模型对其影响因素进行分析,发现学校传染病防控薄弱环节。结果88所中小学校中,2015-01/2018-12发生过传染病的学校有71所(80.68%),578例学生患者中水痘构成比最高,为29.76%(172/578),其次为其他感染性腹泻、流行性感冒、肝炎、猩红热、肺结核、手足口病,构成比分别为20.59%(119/578)、16.26%(94/578)、5.54%(32/578)、5.02%(29/578)、4.84%(28/578)和3.81%(22/578);小学生与中学生水痘、手足口病、猩红热发病、其他感染性腹泻构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中学与小学制定年度防治工作计划、防治应急预案、防治工作领导小组、配备保健教师、开展相关法律及传染病知识宣传、制定传染病防治制度构成比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);有学生晨检记录本、缺课登记及家访、定期开展预防性消毒落实情况较好;传染病所致缺课的平均时间由高至低排列前5位的是肺结核、猩红热、水痘、手足口病、流行性腮腺炎;2015-01/2018-12茌平县发生过传染病聚集性事件的学校有32所,构成比为36.36%,Logistic回归分析结果显示,餐饮具消毒不合格、学生饮水设施消毒不合格、室内空气消毒不合格是影响传染病聚集性事件发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论茌平县中小学校传染病防控整体状况较好,但传染病暴发性事件仍时有发生,应加强学校餐饮具、室内空气、饮水设施消毒,制定相关管理措施,防范传染病发生。

Objective To analyze the current situation of infectious disease prevention and control among primary and secondary school students in Chiping county and its influencing factors.Methods This study investigated the prevention and control of infectious diseases in 88 primary and secondary schools in Chiping county and the influencing factors were analyzed by logistic regression model to find the weak parts of infectious disease prevention and control in these schools.Results Among 88 primary and secondary schools,32(36.36%)had been attacked by infectious diseases from January 2015 to December 2018 and 578 student patients was reported.In terms of the types of infectious diseases,varicella showed the highest proportion,which took 29.76%(172/578),followed by other infectious diarrhea,influenza,hepatitis,scarlet fever,tuberculosis,hand,foot and mouth disease hand-foot-and-mouth disease,the composition ratio was 20.59%(119/578),16.26%(94/578),5.54%(32/578),5.02%(29/578),4.84%(28/578),3.81%(22/578),respectively.The composition ratio of varicella,hand-foot-mouth disease and scarlet fever in primary school students were significantly higher than those in middle school students(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the composition ratio of formulating annual prevention and control work plan,emergency prevention plan,leading group of prevention and control,equipping health teachers,conduction of education in relevant laws and knowledge of infectious diseases,and formulating infectious disease prevention and control system between the middle schools and primary schools(P>0.05).The implementations were good in students’morning examination records,absence registration,home visits and regular preventive disinfection.The top five reasons for missing classes caused by infectious diseases were tuberculosis,scarlet fever,varicella,hand-foot-mouth disease and epidemic parotitis.From January 2015 to December 2018,there were 32 schools(36.36%)in Chiping County had clustered infectious diseases incidents.Logistic regression analysis showed that unqualified tableware disinfection,unqualified drinking water facilities disinfection and unqualified indoor air disinfection were independent risk factors for clustered infectious diseases incidents(P<0.05).Conclusions In general,the prevention and control of infectious diseases in primary and secondary schools in Chiping county is good,but the outbreaks of infectious diseases still occur from time to time.It is necessary to strengthen the disinfection of school catering,indoor air and drinking water facilities and formulate relevant management measures to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases.