2014-2019年度阜新市流感监测结果分析

Analysis on the Surveillance of Influenza in Fuxin City From 2014 to 2019

目的了解2014-2019年度辽宁省阜新市的流感流行趋势及病原学分布规律,为阜新市流感的防控提供参考依据。方法运用描述流行病学方法对2014-2019年度流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)监测哨点医院的流感样病例和病原学监测结果进行分析。采用SPSS 21.0软件进行Kruskal-Wallis H检验、χ^(2)检验、Fisher检验及秩相关分析。结果2014-2019年度阜新市ILI%峰值均出现在冬春季单一峰,ILI%不同年度差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1303.695,P<0.05),2015年以来出现逐年升高。不同年龄组ILI%分布不同,ILI以<15岁人群患病为主,0~4岁儿童ILI患病最多且ILI%逐年上升。5个监测年度共分离到流感毒株235株,A型流感所占比例最大(58.29%),不同年度主导型别有差异,优势株出现频繁交替,5年间分离到的毒株集中分布于12月份至次年2月份,ILI周报告数与阳性检出率同向变化(rs=0.466,P<0.05)。结论阜新市流感样病例呈现冬春季高峰,高危人群主要为0~4岁组,其次为5~14岁年龄组,5个监测年度不同优势型别交替流行,ILI高峰与流感阳性毒株检出率联系密切,可根据ILI高峰及时采集样本以提高流感毒株阳性检出率,ILI异常波动可作为流感预警指标。四价流感疫苗组分匹配5年间所有流感的优势型别,应在高危人群中积极推广四价流感疫苗的接种。

Objective To understand the epidemic tend and pathogenic distribution of influenza virus in Fuxin City from 2014 to 2019,so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of influenza in Fuxin City.Methods Epidemiological analysis was used on the results of pathogenic surveillance of influenza like cases(ILI)in monitoring hospitals from 2014 to 2019.SPSS 21.0 software was used for Kruskal-Wallis H test,chi-square test,Fisher test and rank correlation analysis.Results The detection peaks of ILI%in Fuxin city appeared in a single peak in winter and spring during 2014 to 2019 the past five years,and the annual difference of ILI%was statistically significant(χ^(2)=1303.695,P<0.05),which had increased year by year since 2015.The distribution of ILI% was different in different age groups.The prevalence of ILI was mainly in people under 15 years old,and the highest in children aged0-4 year old which ILI% increased year by year.A total of 235 influenza strains were isolated in the five monitoring years,with the largest proportion of type A influenza(58.29%).The dominant type was different in different years,and the dominant strains appeared frequent alternation.The strains isolated in the five years were concentrated in December to February of the next year.The number of weekly reports of ILI and the positive detection rate changed in the same direction(rs=0.466,P<0.05).Conclusion ILI in Fuxin city shows a peak in winter and spring.The high-risk group of people is mainly 0-4 years old,then it was followed by children under 15 years old.Different dominant types are alternately prevalent in five monitoring years.The peak of ILI is closely related to the detection rate of influenza positive strains.According to the peak of ILI,samples can be collected in time to increase the detection rate of influenza positive strains.The abnormal fluctuation of ILI can be used as an early-warning indicator of influenza.The strains of four-strain vaccines match all dominant types of influenza during the past five years,so we should actively promote the vaccination of fourstrain influenza vaccines among the high-risk people.