深圳市龙山社区儿童卡介苗接种率和及时接种率调查

BCG Vaccination Rate and Timely Vaccination Rate of Children in Longshan Community in Shenzhen

目的调查深圳市龙岗区龙山社区1岁以下儿童卡介苗(bacillus calmette-guerin vaccine,BCG)接种情况,分析影响疫苗接种率和及时接种率的相关因素。方法回顾性收集2017-01-01/2019-12-31期间母亲孕期管理建卡在龙山社区健康服务中心且在深圳完成BCG预防接种的儿童的相关预防接种登记资料及母亲围产期资料,计算儿童BCG的接种率和及时接种率,影响接种率和及时接种率的相关因素采用SPSS 22.0软件进行χ^(2)检验与Logistic回归分析。结果深圳市龙岗区龙山社区1岁以下儿童BCG接种率为98.91%(2093/2116),及时接种率为86.67%(1834/2116)。早产、低出生体重、高危孕产妇、产时与产后并发症组儿童的接种率和及时接种率均明显更低,剖宫产组儿童的及时接种率低于顺产组儿童,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示:早产(OR=4.233)和低出生体重(OR=4.577)是影响BCG接种率的独立危险因素;而早产(OR=50.350)、低出生体重(OR=15.196)、产时与产后并发症(OR=1.972)和剖宫产(OR=1.343)是影响BCG及时接种率的独立危险因素。结论深圳市龙岗区龙山社区1岁以下儿童BCG接种率、及时接种率有进一步提高的空间。加强对BCG补种单位医务人员的培训工作,对未及时接种的儿童尽快完成补种,以提高BCG接种覆盖率。

Objective To investigate the bacillus calmette-guerin vaccine(BCG)vaccination status of children under 1 year old in Longshan Community of Longgang District,Shenzhen and analyze the relevant factors affecting the vaccination rate and timely vaccination rate.Methods The registration data of vaccination and maternal perinatal data of children whose mother had been filed in their pregnancy in Longshan Community Health Service Center and who received BCG vaccination in Shenzhen from January 1,2017 to December 31,2019 were retrospectively collected.The BCG vaccination rate and timely vaccination rate of children were calculated.The relevant influencing factors of the vaccination rate and timely vaccination rate were analyzed by logistic regression model.Results The BCG vaccination rate was 98.91%(2093/2116)and timely vaccination rate was 86.67%(1834/2116)in children under 1 year old in Longshan Community,Longgang District,Shenzhen.Children in premature delivery,low birth weight,high-risk pregnant and lying-in women,intrapartum and postpartum complications group had significantly lower vaccination rate and timely vaccination rate,the timely vaccination rate of children in cesarean section group was lower than that of children in spontaneous delivery group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that preterm birth(OR=4.233)and low birth weight(OR=4.577)were independent risk factors affecting BCG vaccination rate,and preterm birth(OR=50.350),low birth weight(OR=15.196),intrapartum and postpartum complications(OR=1.972)and cesarean section(OR=1.343)were independent risk factors of BCG timely vaccination rate.Conclusion The BCG vaccination rate and timely vaccination rate of children under 1 year old in Longshan Community need to be further improved.It is important to strengthen the training of medical staff in BCG revaccination units and complete revaccination as soon as possible in children who did not receive timely vaccination to improve BCG coverage.