中国市场柏子仁真菌污染调查研究

Investigation and research on fungal diversity of Platycladi Semen on Chinese market

中药柏子仁在采收、生产加工、储藏、运输等环节中,受自身及环境因素的影响极易发生霉变,滋生产毒真菌或致病真菌,甚至产生真菌毒素,影响临床用药安全。2020年版《中国药典》限制柏子仁中黄曲霉毒素含量最高标准。然而,对于柏子仁药材上的真菌污染状况鲜有研究,难以有针对性地进行防控。因此,该文基于Illumina NovaSeq6000平台,利用ITS序列扩增子技术分析了我国市场上27批市售柏子仁的真菌分布及多样性。从中共鉴定出10门,35纲,93目,193科,336属,372种真菌。其中曲霉属、链格孢属占主要优势,有20批样本检测出黄曲霉菌,10批样本检测出构巢曲霉菌,且所有样本均检测出烟曲霉和黑曲霉等潜在致病真菌。经多样性分析,甘肃省所采样本真菌群落多样性程度高,山东省所采样本所含真菌物种数量最多,广西所采样本表面真菌群落多样性最低且物种数最少。大部分样品中检测出了不同程度的烟曲霉、黑曲霉、黄曲霉、寄生曲霉等致病真菌。该研究从柏子仁产业链的最后环节市场上系统调查了我国柏子仁真菌污染状况,明确了柏子仁真菌尤其是产毒真菌分布,为柏子仁中真菌污染的靶向防控提供理论依据。

In the process of harvesting,production and processing,storage,and transportation,the traditional Chinese medicine Platycladi Semen is prone to mildew due to its own and environmental factors,which can nourish the production of toxic or pathogenic fungi,and even produce mycotoxins,which affects the safety of clinical medication.The 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia limits the highest standard of aflatoxin content in Platycladi Semen.However,there are few studies on the fungal contamination of Platycladi Semen,and it is difficult to prevent and control it in a targeted manner.Therefore,based on the Illumina NovaSeq6000 platform,this article uses ITS sequence amplicon technology to analyze the distribution and diversity of fungi in 27 batches of commercially available Platycladi Semen in the Chinese market.A total of 10 phyla,35 classes,93 orders,193 families,336 genera,and 372 species of fungi were identified in China.Among them,Aspergillus,Alternaria spp.were dominant,20 batches of samples were detected for A.flavus,10 batches of samples were detected for A.nidulans,and all samples were detected for potential pathogenic fungi such as A.fumigatus and A.niger.According to diversity analysis,the diversity of the fungal communities in the samples from Gansu province was high,the samples in Shandong province contain the largest number of fungal species,and the samples in Guangxi province had the lo-west diversity and the least number of species.In most samples,pathogenic fungi such as A.fumigatus,A.niger,A.flavus,A.parasiticus were detected in varying degrees.This study systematically investigated the fungal contamination of Platycladi Semen from the markets in the last link of the its industrial chain,and clarified the distribution of Platycladi Semen fungi,especially toxin-producing fungi,and pro-vided theoretical basis for the targeted prevention and control of fungal contamination in Platycladi Semen.