针具变革推动下针刺技术体系的创新与发展

Innovation and Development of Acupuncture Techniques Driven by Needling Instruments Changes

通过查阅古籍及现代相关研究,总结出针刺技术体系的发展经历了四个时期:“起源”即针对软组织感染的切开刺破技术,“形成”即针对痹症等多种病种的九针技术,“完善”即针对特种疾病的特种针刺技术,“再创新”即精准化、复合化的现代针刺技术。各个时期的主要疾病治疗需求决定了针具变革的方向,从早期的单一病种至后期的多病种,从有效性变革到安全性变革,针具的形制越趋复杂和精细;而针具的变革推动了针刺技术的发展,砭石的出现开创了针刺技术治疗疾病的先河,针形针具的出现完善了针刺技术对软组织疾病的治疗,以九针为代表的多形制针具推动了针刺技术多元化发展,以及现代新型针具对针刺技术的再创新,针具从早期的单一形制发展至多形制,针刺技术亦从简单逐渐发展至复杂。总之,针具变革以疾病治疗的有效性和安全性需求为内在驱动力,在新材料和制作工艺的进步下得以实现,并推动针刺技术的进步。

By referring to ancient and modern books,papers and other relevant materials,it was found that the development of acupuncture techniques has experienced four periods,including“beginning”(cutting and puncturing for soft tissue infection),“formulation”(nine needling for various disease of bi syndrome),“improvement”(specific needling for specific diseases),and“re-innovation”(accurate and composite modern acupuncture techniques).The demand for treatment of major diseases in each period has determined the direction changes of needling instruments.From single disease in the early period to concurrent multiple diseases in later period,and from effectiveness to safety,the shape and design of needling instruments has become more and more complex and refined.The changes of needling instruments have promoted the development of acupuncture techniques;healing stone has set a precedent of using acupuncture techniques in treating diseases;the emergence of needling techniques has improved the treatment of soft tissue diseases;the polymorphic needles represented by nine needles has promoted the diversity of needling techniques;and modern needling instruments have supported the re-innovation of techniques.As needling instruments develop from single shape to multiple shapes,acupuncture techniques progress from simple to complex mode gradually.In conclusion,the changes of needling instruments are driven by the need for treating diseases effectively and safely and supported by the advancement of new materials and production technology;moreover,instruments changes will promote the revolution of acupuncture techniques.