多重距离对中国入境与出境旅游流的影响:基于组态的视角

Effects of Multiple Distances on Inbound and Outbound Tourism Flows in China:A Configuration-based Perspective

中国出境旅游流的高速增长与入境旅游流趋于稳定的增长形成强烈反差,明晰中国出入境旅游流之间的差异关系和影响因素具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。引入包含经济距离、文化距离、地理距离、制度距离的四维度距离理论框架(CAGE),尝试从多重距离视角剖析近年来中国出入境旅游流发展过程中产生的结构性差异,并通过使用当下社会科学领域新的研究方法—定性比较分析(QCA)对中国出入境旅游流的作用路径进行组态分析。研究结果发现:①在时间层面上,距离因素对近年来中国出入境旅游流的影响较为稳定;②对比中国出入境旅游流,距离因素对于出境旅游流和入境旅游流的作用规律存在一定程度的相似性;③对比高、非高净值国际旅游流,距离因素对高出入境旅游流和非高出入境旅游流的作用方式不同。其中,经济距离是高净值国际旅游流产生的核心条件;地理距离、文化距离、制度距离分别是非高净值国际旅游流产生的核心条件。

Tourist flows is one of the current issues in the field of tourism geography that should be urgently addressed.There is a sharp contrast between the rapid growth of China’s outbound tourism flow and the steady growth of inbound tourism flow.It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to understand the mutural tourist flows from and to China.Based on the multiple distances perspectives,this research draws upon the international trade field distance theory framework which includes economical distance,geographical distance,cultural distance and institution distance(CAGE),and the research method is Qualititive Comparative Analysis(QCA)method,which is very useful in exploring the path and mechanism of China’s high and low inbound and outbound tourism flows.In so doing,the structural characteristics,differences,evolution rules and influencing mechanisms of China’s inbound and outbound tourism at different levels can be analysed.The research results are as follows:1)the influence of distance,as an influential factor is relatively certain.2)Particularly,it influences China outbound tourism in a similar way that it affects the inbound tourism development.3)When comparing China’s high international tourism flow and China’s low international tourism flow,distance has different effects on them.Among them,economic distance is the core condition of high international tourism flow.Geographical distance,cultural distance and institutional distance are the core conditions of low international tourism flow.