辽宁省老年宜居社区人居环境评价

The Evaluation Index System of Human Settlements on Livable Community for the Elderly in Liaoning Province

在国内外学者研究基础上,立足中国国情,基于老年宜居社区内涵,探索性地构建了老年宜居社区人居环境评价指标体系。基于多源数据,选择辽宁省149个城市社区进行实证研究,结果表明:①从整体上看,参评社区老年宜居环境质量较差,绝大多数的社区尚未对已经到来的老龄化社会做好充分的准备;②从空间分布特征来看,整体呈现“中部−南部凸起,西北−北部凹陷”的分布格局,大连市和沈阳市形成“双核”引领辽宁省老年宜居环境质量的发展。③分系统研究表明,设施系统的质量最差。各城市在分系统上的优劣势有所差异。④从公共指标与专项指标的对比来看,公共指标评价值明显高于专项指标,社区人居环境建设存在代际不公平现象。

The construction of livable community for the elderly is of great significance to adapt to the change of pension mode and improve the quality of life of the elderly.Based on domestic and foreign scholars’research,in view of China’s realities and according to the connotation of livable community for the elderly,the article develops an indicator system of human settlements on livable community for the elderly.Based on multisource data,149 urban communities in Liaoning Province are selected for research,in order to reveal and evaluate the basic situation of the construction of the human settlements on livable community for the elderly,and provide ideas for the change of the population structure of the community,and provide suitable supporting environment for the home-based elderly care.The results show that:First,on the whole,the quality of livable environment for the elderly in the community is poor,58%of the communities are below the middle level.Second,from the perspective of spatial distribution characteristics,the distribution exhibit the characteristics of‘Central South bulge,northwest North Depression’.Dalian and Shenyang formed a‘dual core’and lead the development of livable environment quality for the elderly of Liaoning Province.Third,the subsystem study shows that the quality of the facility system is the worst.The participating cities present different advantage and disadvantage regarding different subsystem.Among the five sub-systems,those indicators with the lowest scoring:the number of community day care institutions,the number of community pension service centers(stations),the construction index of barrier free facilities,the number of universities for the elderly,the number of elderly associations,the number of comfortable days,air quality and the registered centenarian population.The last,from the comparison of public indicators and special indicators,the evaluation value of public indicators is significantly higher than the special indicators,and there is intergenerational inequality in the construction of community human settlements.It is imperative to strengthen the construction of livable environment for the elderly.