中国高等教育步入普及化阶段背景下的阶层差异与教育公平

Class Differences and Educational Equity under the Background of Universal Higher Education

随着中国从高等教育大众化阶段正式进入普及化阶段,高等教育公平面临如何从教育机会数量均等化转向教育机会质量均等化、如何从起点单维公平转向“起点-过程-结果”多维公平等新问题。利用“中国大学生追踪调查”2020年数据,采用线性回归和逻辑斯蒂回归等多种方法分析了在高等教育步入普及化阶段背景下,社会阶层差异对高等教育公平状况的影响。研究证实:社会阶层地位显著影响着高等教育起点公平,并通过起点公平对过程公平和结果公平产生间接影响;起点不平等和过程不平等的叠加效应,加重了弱势阶层出身的大学生在教育结果上的累积劣势。提出发展公平而有质量的教育是中国高等教育步入普及化阶段和“十四五”时期建设高质量教育体系的任务和目标,为此应秉持发展性与补偿性并重的原则、采取系统化和协同性的整体视角制定教育政策,注重提高职业技能教育的回报率。

With the development of China's higher education from the mass stage to the universal one,the equity of higher education is facing some new problems,such as how to change from the equality of the quantity of educational opportunities to the equality of the quality of educational opportunities,how to change from the one-dimensional equity of the starting point to the multi-dimensional equity of"starting point-process-result".Based on the data of"Panel Study of Chinese University Students"in 2020,this paper analyzes the impact of social class differences on the equity of higher education under the background of the universal higher education by using linear regression and logistic regression.The results show that:social class status significantly affects the starting point fairness of higher education,and indirectly affects the process fairness and outcome fairness through the starting point fairness;the superposition effect of starting point inequality and process inequality aggravates the cumulative disadvantage of college students from disadvantaged groups in educational outcomes.It is proposed that the development of fair and quality education is the task and goal of China's higher education entering the universal stage and the construction of high-quality education system in the"14th five year plan"period.Therefore,the principle of equal emphasis should be adhered to on development and compensation,education policies formulated from the overall perspective of systematization and coordination,and attention paid to improving the return rate of vocational skills education.