从“匪腰”甑管窥唐代的蒸馏器

A Brief Analysis of the Distiller in the Tang Dynasty from the"Feiyao"Zeng

蒸馏器及其工艺特点,无疑是探讨蒸馏酒起源的重要依据之一。南北朝乃至唐宋时期蒸馏器实物证据的缺失,直接影响着中国古代蒸馏酒起源问题的研究进展。蒸茶虽与蒸馏酒无关,但唐代《茶经》中蒸茶用甑的结构与使用特点,却十分耐人寻味。综合史籍记载、考古发现及传统蒸馏工艺诸多方面资料,从长时段技术演进的立场出发,通过多重证据的比较分析,认为"匪腰而泥"的蒸茶用甑实为分腰甑,是由汉代的分体甗逐渐演化而来的,迄今依然流行于岭南地区(蒸酒器)。承前启后的唐代"匪腰"甑不可能仅仅限于蒸茶,也可用于熬煮蒸馏,故而唐代史籍中的烧酒很可能属于蒸馏酒。

The distiller and its technological characteristics are undoubtedly important bases for exploring the origin of distilled liquor. The lack of physical evidence of distillers in the southern and Northern Dynasties and the Southern Song Dynasty directly influenced the research progress of the origin of distilled liquor in ancient China. Steamed tea and distilled liquor is irrelevant, but the structure and use characteristics of the Zeng which was recorded for steaming tea in The Book of Tea in the Tang Dynasty is very thought-provoking. On the basis of the historical records, ar-chaeological discoveries and traditional distillation processes, from the standpoint of the long period technology evolu-tion and the comparative analysis of multiple evidence, it is believed that the Zeng to steam tea of " Put mud on Feiyao " is actually the Fenyao Zeng, which is gradually evolved from the separated Zeng of the Han Dynasty and is still popular in the lingnan area( The distiller). The " Feiyao " Zeng of the Tang Dynasty cannot only be limited for steaming tea, but also can be used for boiling and distilling. Therefore, the liquor in the historical books of Tang Dynasty is probably the distilled liquor.