上海柘林遗址良渚文化墓地人骨初步研究

A Preliminary Study on Human Skeletons from Liangzhu Culture Cemetery in Zhelin Site,Shanghai

本文对柘林遗址良渚文化墓地出土的12例人骨进行了系统的体质人类学研究。从颅骨非测量特征看,柘林遗址良渚人群在大类上属于亚洲蒙古人种。柘林遗址女性人群肢骨发育良好,其身高平均值高于以蒋庄遗址和广富林遗址为代表的良渚文化女性人群,但明显低于以姜家梁遗址、牛河梁遗址和五庄果墚遗址为代表的北方人群。古病理研究发现有3例个体出现眶上筛孔,保存有足骨的5例个体其跖骨远端关节面背侧形成新的关节面,同时在胫骨和第一近节趾骨上都发现了与之相关的骨骼改变,这可能与当时居民的某种习惯性姿势有关。

In this article, twelve human skeletons unearthed from Liangzhu Cultural Cemetery at the Zhelin site were studied. We can see that the population belong to the Asiatic Mongolias from the non-metrical traits of the skull.The limb bones were well developed, the average height is higher than the Liangzhu cultural female populations, in-cluding the Jiangzhuang site and the Guangfulin site, but it significantly lower than the northern populations represent-ed by the Jiangjialiang site and the Niuheliang site. The paleopathological study found that the three samples were suffered from cribra orbitalia, five individuals occurred the new articular surface on the dorsal articular surface of the distal metatarsals. At the same time, some bone changes were found in tibia and first proximal pedal phalanx, which may be related to habitual posture of residents at that time.