草原补奖政策:“高满意度与低执行度”悖论的形成机理研究

Grassland Ecological Reward Policy:Research on the Formation Mechanism of“High Satisfaction but Low Execution”

本文以草原补奖政策"高满意度与低执行度"悖论为议题,基于内蒙古锡林郭勒盟209户调研数据,实证检验牧户政策目标认知对超载规模的作用,并依次讨论不同认知群体的满意度对履规行为的影响,推导出"既高又低"悖论的形成机理。研究认为,目标认知偏差是造成此悖论的主要因素,政策目标认知对超载程度影响显著,生态恢复认知牧户比提高收入认知牧户的超载程度更低,前者政策满意程度正向影响其履规行为,但后者此机制不明显。对草场退化原因的理解差异、对超载放牧的弱监管以及对补奖资金发放执行不力是造成目标认知偏差的主因,对此,本文建议从加强宣传与政策解读、放大监管作用和地位、实施差异化补奖模式等方面入手,促进政策执行度的提升。

Based on the issue about the"High Satisfaction but Low Execution"paradox of the grassland ecological reward policy,the article introduced the"policy cognition"in the behavior model and did the test based on 209 household survey data from bilingual league of Inner Mongolia.And then we discussed how can satisfaction influence the performance behavior in different target cognitive groups.Finally,we deduced the formation mechanism of"high but low".The paper found the conclusion as following:the policy target bias is the main reason for the"high but low"paradox and the policy target cognition significantly influences on degree of overgrazing.The satisfaction is different between the two target cognitive groups:it is positive to significantly influence the"ecological restoration"group but it cannot be found in the other group.This cognitive bias is mainly caused by the difference in understanding between herders and the government on the causes of grassland degradation,the weak supervision of the government on overgrazing behavior,and the poor execution of providing funds.We suggest that the government needs to strengthen policy interpretation and form long-term incentive effect;enlarge regulatory status and establish the elastic solution between award criteria and regulatory interaction;implement differentiation award model and optimize the money distributed way.