欧洲采矿废弃地景观恢复经验及对中国的启示

The Experience of Landscape Restoration of Abandoned Mining Areas in Europe and Its Enlightenment to China

采矿废弃地所造成的资源浪费、生态退化及文化遗失等突出问题已受到国内外广泛关注,在生态文明建设指引和新时期发展需求的双重背景下,如何将采矿废弃地视为一种景观资源,重新赋予其生态、经济、文化、美学价值成为全新命题。总结欧洲发达国家在该领域积累的成功经验,对解决中国同类型问题具有重要借鉴和启示意义。首先,从法律法规和运营机制2个层面总结了欧洲采矿废弃地景观恢复的宏观保障经验;其次,从生态修复、文化挖掘、经济带动三大视角剖析了欧洲采矿废弃地景观恢复的具体实施经验;最后,客观认知欧洲所面临的挑战,结合中国的突出问题及特点,从构建多主体、精准化保障机制,实施分类型、动态化恢复途径,整合潜在性、多元化资源系统3个方面提出对中国采矿废弃地景观恢复的具体启示及实施建议。

The prominent problems,such as waste of resources,ecological degradation and cultural loss caused by mining abandoned land,have attracted widespread attention worldwide.Under the dual background of ecological civilization construction guidelines and development needs in the new era,how to regard mining wasteland as a landscape resource and re-endow it with ecological,economic,cultural and aesthetic values has become a new proposition.Summarizing the successful experience accumulated by European developed countries in this field has important reference value for solving similar problems in China.First,it summarizes the macro-guarantee experience of European mining wasteland landscape restoration from two levels of laws,regulations and operating mechanisms.Secondly,it analyzes the specific implementation experience of European mining wasteland landscape restoration from the three perspectives of ecological restoration,cultural excavation,and economic drive.Finally,it proposes to objectively recognize the challenges faced by Europe,and combine China’s outstanding issues and characteristics and specific enlightenment and implementation suggestions for landscape restoration of China’s mining wasteland from three aspects:constructing a multi-subject and precise guarantee mechanism;implementing classification and dynamic restoration methods;and integrating potential and diversified resource systems.