加州花园前史及其对现代园林的影响

The Prehistory of California Gardens and Its Impact

加州花园及加州学派是美国现代风景园林设计实践和理论的重要起源之一,并深刻影响了世界风景园林的发展方向。追溯加州现代花园的前史,在分析加州的气候、地理及其植物区系的基础上,梳理了从加州原住民时代、修道院时代、墨西哥时代、淘金热时代、博览会时代、乡村时代到大萧条时代的花园变迁史,并结合加州的植物园发展体系,指出加州花园从前现代到现代的过程中传承和嬗变的特征及其影响。

The California Garden and California School is one of the important origins of modern landscape design practice and theory in the United States and has profoundly influenced the direction of the world landscape.This paper traces the antecedent history of modern gardens in California.Based on the analysis of California’s climate,geography and its floristic province,the article sorts out the history of garden transitions from the aborigines era,the monastery era,the Mexico era,the gold rush era,the exposition era,and the rural era to the great depression era.Then,conjunct with California’s botanical garden development system,the article points out the characteristics of inheritance and transmutation in California gardens from premodern to modern times and their impact.