小胶质细胞在脑出血病理生理学机制中的研究进展

Research progress of microglia in the pathophysiological mechanism of intracranial hemorrhage

脑出血是临床常见的脑血管病之一,目前尚缺乏有效治疗药物。小胶质细胞是一种特异性存在于中枢神经系统的免疫细胞,脑出血急性期小胶质细胞迅速激活并在M1型与M2型之间动态转变,提示小胶质细胞在脑出血后继发性神经炎症反应的病理生理学过程中具有复杂的作用机制,成为探究脑出血治疗药物的重要靶点。本文对脑出血后小胶质细胞表面标志物、极化表型、血肿清除机制及其与神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞之间的潜在联系进行综述,旨在探究通过调控小胶质细胞功能治疗脑出血的可能性。

Intracranial hemorrhage(ICH) is one of the most common cerebrovascular disease. At present, there is still a lack of drugs with definite curative effects for the treatment of intracranial hemorrhage. Microglia is a type of immune cell that specifically exists in the central nervous system. In the acute phase of intracranial hemorrhage, microglia is rapidly activated and can dynamically transform between M1 phenotype(pro-inflammatory) and M2 phenotype(repair). These two different polarization states suggest that microglia plays a complicated role in the pathophysiological process of secondary neuroinflammation after intracranial hemorrhage. Therefore, this is also an important target for exploring drugs for the treatment of intracranial hemorrhage. This article reviews the surface markers of microglia after intracranial hemorrhage, polarization phenotype, phagocytic hematoma, and potential connections with neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, in order to find the possibility of treating intracranial hemorrhage by regulating the function of microglia.