完善我国天然气定价机制的路径与政策

Paths and policies to perfect pricing mechanism for China natural gas

为了完善我国天然气定价机制,在阐述天然气定价机制演变一般规律的基础上,分析了当前天然气定价机制存在的主要问题,即管道输配气的准许收益率明显偏高、放开天然气价格没有明确的标准和条件、"基准价+浮动幅度"管理办法存在不足、市场中心的发展尚处于起步阶段。结合我国天然气价格改革的目标,提出4条完善天然气定价机制的路径与政策。研究结果表明:(1)参照核定电网输配电准许收益率的办法,合理确定管道输配气的准许收益率,理顺天然气产业链价格,促进天然气全产业链健康可持续发展;(2)依据我国《反垄断法》明确放开门站价格的条件与标准,为制定价格市场化改革政策提供依据;(3)对不具备取消门站价格管制条件的地区,完善门站价格形成机制,促进定价机制由政府管制向与油价挂钩转变;(4)对具备取消门站价格管制条件的地区,加快发展天然气市场中心,促进定价机制由与油价挂钩向气与气竞争转变。

In order to perfect the pricing mechanism for China natural gas,its general evolution laws was firstly summed up.And some problems mainly occurring in the latest mechanism were analyzed,including that,the allowed rate of return of pipeline gas is obviously higher,no definite standard and condition are available for relaxing gas price,the"benchmark price+floating range"management method is imperfect,and the market-oriented development is still in the initial stage.In addition,combined with the goal of domestic gas price reform,four paths and policies for perfecting the pricing mechanism were put forward,containing(1)referring to the method of checking and ratifying the allowed rate of return of power transmission and distribution,to determine the allowed rate reasonably,to straighten out the price of natural-gas industry chain,and to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the whole industry chain,(2)to provide the basis for formulating the market-oriented price reform policies according to the conditions and standards of gate price deregulation defined in the"Anti-Monopoly Law",(3)for some areas without the conditions to cancel the gate price control,to improve the formation mechanism of gate price and to promote the transformation of pricing mechanism from government control to gas-oil price linkage,and(4)for other areas with the conditions,to accelerate the development of natural-gas market center and to promote the transformation of pricing mechanism from gas-oil price linkage to gas-gas competition.