不同生物炭处理对福建柏光合荧光特性的影响

Effects of different biochar treatments on photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of Fokienia hodginsii

【目的】以一年生福建柏实生苗为研究对象,探究不同生物炭处理下福建柏光合作用变化规律,选择适宜的生物炭处理,为福建柏引种栽培和推广应用提供科学依据。【方法】选择竹炭(BB)、硬木(BH)和水稻(BR)3种生物炭,设置3种用量处理(5、20和80 g·kg^(-1))和对照组(0 g·kg^(-1),B_(0)),测定福建柏光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数,通过主成分分析法对生物炭施用效果进行综合评价。【结果】1)在BB和BR处理下,随用量增加,福建柏叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))和蒸腾速率(T_(r))4个参数变化趋势一致;水分利用效率(WUE)在BR处理与其它参数表现相同;相同用量生物炭处理下,5个光合指标均表现为在BB处理最高,其次是BH处理,BR处理最低。2)不同生物炭处理下福建柏叶绿素荧光参数变化趋势不同;随用量增加,BB、BH和BR处理下初始荧光值(F_(o))、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Yield)和光合电子传递速率(ETR)3个参数呈波动升高趋势;PSII最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、光化学荧光淬灭系数(qP)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)呈波动升降趋势;除F_(o)外,3个处理中其它5个荧光参数均高于B0。3)P_(n)、G_(s)、C_(i)和T_(r)相关性强,主成分分析表明这4个光合参数是反映生物炭施用效果的重要光合生理指标;生物炭施用综合评价结果表明BB80和BB20处理效果最佳。【结论】20和80 g·kg^(-1)的竹子生物炭施用效果最佳,对福建柏光合荧光特性具有积极影响,可以在福建柏栽培中推广应用。

【Objective】Changes of photosynthetic characteristics under different biochar were studied in one-year-old Fokienia hodginsii,of which the proper biochar treatment was selected to provide scientific basis for the introduction,cultivation and application.【Method】Photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of F.hodginsii leaves were tested under three kinds of biochar,bamboo biochar(BB),hardwood biochar(BH)and rice biochar(BR)respectively,with three dosages(5,20,80 g·kg^(-1))and the control treatment(0 g·kg^(-1),B0).The effects of biochar application were analyzed with principal component analysis.【Result】1)Under BB and BR biochar treatments,the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i))and transpiration rate(T_(r))of F.hodginsii leaves show the same trend with the increase of dosage.Water use efficiency(WUE)performs the same as other parameters only in BR treatment.Under the same amount of biochar treatment,The five photosynthetic parameters reach the highest values in BB treatment,followed by BH treatment,and lowest in BR treatment.2)Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters have different trends in different biochar treatments;with the increase of dosage,initial fluorescence value(F_(o)),PSⅡactual photochemical efficiency(Yield)and photosynthetic electron transport rate(ETR)show a fluctuation uptrend;PSⅡmaximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient(qP)and nonphotochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)fluctuate.Except Fo,the other 5 fluorescence parameters in three treatments are higher than those of B0.3)There is a strong correlation among Pn,Gs,Ci and Tr Principal component analysis shows that these four photosynthetic parameters are important photosynthetic physiological parameters reflecting the application effect of biochar.Comprehensive evaluation results of biochar application show that BB80 and BB20 are the best treatments.【Conclusion】20 and 80 g·kg^(-1) bamboo biochar have produced a good benefit application,which have positive effects on photosynthetic characteristics of F.hodginsii and can be promoted and widely applied in its cultivation.