晋西北根据地的减租、公粮与动员(1940-1944)

Rent Reduction,Public Grain and Mobilization in Northwest Shanxi Base Area(1940-1944)

在抗日战争期间,共产党推行了两项极具特色的经济改革方案,即减租减息和公粮负担政策。减租减息是公粮工作的基础,从减租减息中获益的农民衷心拥护共产党,由感恩之心上升到感恩之行,积极踊跃地缴纳公粮;直到抗日战争胜利,晋西北行署都是针对实产而不是通产进行征粮,地主与佃雇双方的争执也易使政府求得产量的确切。但晋西北是以自耕农为主的社会,而且随着上述两项工作的深入,这一群体反而日益呈现扩张之势,因此减租减息的激发效应不宜高估。共产党自有其一套完整的公粮征发机制,并将征粮指标控制在一个合理的区间,把强大的张力约束在极限的边缘,做到了“民负虽重而民不伤”。

During the Anti-Japanese War,the CPC carried out two distinctive economic reform programs,namely,reducing rent and interest rates,and the burden of public grain.The reduction of rent and interest rate was the basis of the work of public grain.The peasants who benefited from the reduction of rent and interest rate wholeheartedly supported the CPC.They rose from the heart of gratitude to the trip of gratitude and actively paid for public grain.Until the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,the Northwest Shanxi Administration collected grain based on actual output rather than general output.The dispute between the landlord and the tenant employer easily made the government to get the exact output.However,Northwest Shanxi was a society dominated by self-employed farmers.With the deepening of the above two works,this group was increasingly expanding.Therefore,the incentive effect of rent reduction and interest rate reduction should not be overestimated.The CPC had its own set of complete public grain collection and distribution mechanism to control the grain collection index in a reasonable range,to restrict the strong tension on the edge of the limit,and to achieve the goal that although the people bear heavy burdens,the people do not hurt.