张家山汉简中的《田命籍》与《田租籍》

Tian Ming Ji and Tian Zu Ji in the Han Bamboo Slips of Zhangjiashan

根据走马楼汉简《都乡七年垦田租簿》,张家山汉简中的《田命籍》或许应定名为《田命令籍》。之所以被称为《田命籍》,很可能是《户律》的抄本漏抄了“令”字。《田命籍》是登记对某些特殊人群豁免田租的籍簿。综合文献记载,汉初被免征田租的,有卿以上高爵、中高级官吏、“乐人”“邮人”和优秀工匠等。《田租籍》的主要功能,是记录纳税民户耕种了多少舆田(垦田)和必须按舆田(垦田)缴纳多少田租,也具有分户统计耕种田亩总数和缴纳田租总数的作用。它的券书格式,就是北大秦简《算书》记载的舆田亩数、税田亩数、产量租率和应交多少田租的文书格式。之所以会出现误券和更改券书的现象,是因为算术知识的普遍缺失和县、乡有简、详两个券书版本。

According to Han Bamboo Slips of Zoumalou Rent-roll of Cultivated Wasteland for Seven Years in Duxiang,Tian Ming Ji in the Han Bamboo Slips of Zhangjiashan probably should be named Tian Ming Ling Ji.The reason why it was called Tian Ming Ji is probably because the copy of Hu Lv omitted a word"Ling".Tian Ming Ji is a register of land rent exemption for some special groups of people.According to literature records,high nobility above Qing,middle and senior officials,"musicians","postmen"and excellent craftsmen were exempted from land rent in the early Han Dynasty.The main function of Tian Zu Ji is to record how much wasteland has been cultivated and how much land rent should be paid according to cultivated wasteland.It also has the function of counting the total number of farmland cultivated by households and paying the total amount of land rent.Its contract format is the document format of Qin Bamboo Slips of Peking University Suan Shu,which recorded the number of acres of cultivated wasteland and ager vectigalis,yield rent rate and how much land rent should be paid.The reason why there were mistaken contracts and changed contracts is the general lack of arithmetic knowledge and both the brief and detailed versions of contracts in the county and township.