意大利蜜蜂和苜蓿切叶蜂为紫花苜蓿授粉访花行为比较

Comparison of visiting behavior for the alfalfa between Apis mellifera L.and Megachile rotundata F.

为了筛选适合紫花苜蓿授粉的传粉昆虫,提高苜蓿种子产量,比较意大利蜜蜂和苜蓿切叶蜂为紫花苜蓿授粉的访花行为.结果表明,两种蜂对紫花苜蓿的访花行为差异显著,苜蓿切叶蜂更易打开龙骨瓣,且单花访问时间短于意大利蜜蜂,访花频率高于意大利蜜蜂,柱头接触率高于意大利蜜蜂,苜蓿切叶蜂对紫花苜蓿授粉协同适应性更强,更易实现有效异花授粉,是紫花苜蓿的优势传粉昆虫.意大利蜜蜂可作为传粉昆虫不足时的补充蜂种,缓解紫花苜蓿大面积制种中野生蜂不足和授粉不完全等问题.

To choose suitable pollinators for alfalfa and improve seed production, we compared the visiting behavior of Apis mellifera L. and Megachile rotundata F. The results showed that two kinds of bee visiting behavior had significant difference. Megachile rotundata F. was more likely to open the carina. Megachile rotundata F. spent less time visiting individual flowers than Apis mellifera L. However, Megachile rotundata F. made significantly more visits to flowers than Apis mellifera L., and stigma exposure rate was higher than Apis mellifera L. In terms of pollination, Megachile rotundata F. is the superior pollinator for alfalfa, which is more synergistic to alfalfa and easier to realize cross-pollination effectively. Apis mellifera L. can be used as the alternative when pollinators are not enough, easing the lack of wild pollinators and incomplete pollination.