美国大学非终身教职教师权益保障研究——基于美国大学教授协会的经验与反思

Research on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Contingent Faculty in American Universities: Based on the Experience and Reflection of the AAUP

20世纪70年代以来美国大学非终身教职教师权益保障已成为困扰美国学术职业发展的重要问题。非终身教职教师无法享有与终身教职教师平等的地位和待遇,影响了他们教育教学工作的积极性和人才培养质量,引起人们对高等教育师资水平和教学质量下降的担忧。美国大学教授协会通过引导高校规范大学非终身教职教师聘任标准和程序,公布谴责名单制裁高校侵权行为,建立教师学术共同体进行集体维权等措施,在保障非终身教职教师的权益及维护高等教育质量方面发挥了重要作用。美国大学教授协会的经验值得我国参考和借鉴。

Since the 1970 s, the protection of the rights and interests of contingent faculty in American universities has become an important issue that plagues the development of American academic profession.Contingent faculty couldn’t enjoy the same status and treatment as tenured faculty, which affected their enthusiasm for teaching and the quality of student training, caused people to worry about the decline of teachers’ level and teaching quality in higher education. The AAUP has played an important role in safeguarding the rights and interests of contingent faculty and maintaining the quality of higher education by guiding universities to standardize the standards and procedures for the appointment of contingent faculty, publishing the condemnation list to punish violations in universities and establishing academic community of faculty for collective rights protection. The experience of AAUP is worth our reference.