质量何为:德国学术评价机制转型研究

How to Assure the Quality: Research on the Transformation of German Academic Evaluation Mechanism

21世纪以来,为破除"唯论文",德国科学基金会和科学理事会牵头,倡导"质量而非数量"学术评价机制转型。在改进"评价方法"上,注重发挥同行评议基础性作用;针对量化指标,建立专属性认知与应用体系,明确其对同行评议的支持性作用。在拓展"评价内容"上,强调学术能力综合评价,尤其注重科研领导与合作能力,兼顾个体学术职业发展状况。德国学术评价机制转型对我国的启示是:加强对不同评价方法功能与问题的认识,是学术评价机制转型的基本前提;在操作层面实现"统计有度"和"比较有方",是学术评价机制良性运转的重要保障;基于学术系统复杂性和多元性特点,学术评价机制的完善要以健全学术系统为总体目标。

Since the 21 st century, in order to eliminate the"thesis only"orientation, the German Science Foundation and the Council of Science and Humanities have taken the lead in advocating the transformation of academic evaluation named"Quality rather than Quantity". In terms of improving the evaluation method, we should emphasize the basic role of peer review. At the same time, we should establish a specific cognition and application system for quantitative indicators and ensure its supporting role in peer review. In terms of expanding the evaluation content, we should stress the comprehensive evaluation of academic ability, especially the academic leadership and cooperation ability, and consider the individual academic career path. The enlightenment of the transformation of German academic evaluation to China is to strengthen the understanding of the functions and problems of different evaluation methods, which is the basic premise of the academic evaluation transformation;to promote appropriate calculation and comparison at the operational level, which is an important guarantee for the sound function of academic evaluation mechanism;based on the complexity and diversity of the academic system, the academic evaluation mechanism should mainly aim at improving the whole system.