如何促进高职教育实习形成较高的质量——基于“学校-企业-学生”的实证研究

How to Promote Higher Vocational Education Internship to Form Higher Quality: Empirical Research Based on“School-Enterprise-Student”

探究高职教育实习质量的形成规律是提升实习质量的基本理论问题。基于学校、企业、学生三个直接参与主体,构建实习质量的形成机理理论模型,通过对全国10个省市2 139名高职院校大三学生调查分析发现:学生对实习质量评价处于中等水平,实习任务和企业管理有待优化;示范(骨干)校学生实习质量较好,规模适中的企业较利于学生实习;由学生主动参与、学校资源投入和企业资源供给构成的实习质量形成机理模型,解释了形成较高的实习质量的规律,同时也表明,高职院校是实习的发起者和主要设计者,企业是实习的推进者和合作设计者。建议完善实习的课程化管理制度、健全校企双主体实施实习的法律法规、引导企业建立创新型实习制度等,促进实习形成较高的质量。

Exploring the formation mechanism of the internship quality of higher vocational education is a basic theoretical issue to improve the quality of internship. Based on the three direct participants of schools,enterprises, and students to construct the formation mechanism model of internship quality, and analyze the survey data of 2 139 junior college students in 10 provinces: the overall evaluation of internship quality by students is at a medium level;the quality of internships in national demonstration schools is relatively good, and companies with a moderate number of people are more conducive to student internships;the formation mechanism model composed of students’ active participation, school resource input, and enterprise resource supply explains the regulation of the higher quality formation, and also shows that higher vocational colleges are the initiators and main designers of internships, enterprises are the promoters and co-designers of internships. They are the two main bodies that implement different internships. To implement the internship curriculum management system, improve the laws and regulations on the implementation of internship by the school and enterprise, and guide enterprises to establish innovative internship system can improve the quality of internships.