种植密度与株行距配置对河套灌区食用向日葵产量性状的影响

The effects of planting density and row and plant spacing on yield characters of edible sunflower in Hetao Irrigation District

【目的】明确河套灌区食用向日葵最佳种植密度与株行距配置,为该地区食用向日葵高产、优质、高效栽培提供技术支持和理论依据。【方法】采用裂区试验,设计种植密度21000、24000、27000、30000、33000株/hm^(2);大行距1.00、1.10、1.20 m,小行距固定为0.40 m,按照种植密度和行距确定各处理株距在0.38~0.68 m,比较分析河套灌区食用向日葵种植密度与株行距的最佳配置方案。【结果】河套灌区食用向日葵最佳种植密度与株行距配置为种植密度27000株/hm^(2),株行距配置为大行距1.20 m、小行距0.40 m、株距0.46 m时,产量最高,为4729.3 kg/hm^(2),与各处理间达极显著差异水平(P<0.01),经济效益最高,为34996.8元/hm^(2);其次为种植密度27000株/hm^(2),株行距配置为大行距1.10 m、小行距0.40 m、株距0.49 m时,产量为4671.5 kg/hm^(2),经济效益为31858.6元/hm^(2)。【结论】综合产量和经济效益分析结果,确定河套灌区食用向日葵高产、优质、高效栽培的最佳种植密度为27000株/hm^(2),最佳株行距配置为大行距1.20 m、小行距0.40 m、株距0.46 m。

【Objective】In order to determine the optimal planting density and row and plant spacing of edible sunflower in Hetao Irrigation District,and provide technical support and theoretical basis for high yield,high quality and high efficiency cultivation of edible sunflower in this area.【Methods】Split zone test was used to design planting density of 21000,24000,27000,30000,33000 plants/hm^(2);large row spacing of 1.00,1.10,1.20 m,small row spacing of 0.40 m,0.38-0.68 m plant spacing for each treatment.And the best configuration of planting density and row and plant spacing of edible sunflower were compared and analyzed in Hetao Irrigation District.【Results】The optimal planting density 27000 plants/hm^(2),the row and plant spacing was 1.20 m for large row spacing,0.40 m for small row spacing and 0.46 m for plant spacing on edible sunflower in Hetao Irrigation District,the highest yield was 4729.3 kg/hm^(2),which was significantly different from other treatments(P<0.01),and the highest economic benefit was 34996.8 yuan/hm^(2).The next was the planting density of 27000 plants/hm^(2),the row and plant spacing was 1.10 m for large row spacing,0.40 m for small row spacing and 0.49 m for plant spacing,the yield was 4671.5 kg/hm^(2) and the economic benefit was 31858.6 yuan/hm^(2).【Conclusion】According to the results of comprehensive yield and economic performance analysis,the optimal planting density of 27000 plants/hm^(2),the row and plant spacing was 1.20 m for large row spacing,0.40 m for small row spacing and 0.46 m for plant spacing on high yield,high quality and high efficiency cultivation of edible sunflower in Hetao Irrigation District.