尿源性干细胞及细胞外囊泡在组织损伤修复中的作用

Effect of urinary-derived stem cells and extracellular vesicles in tissue damage repair

背景:间充质干细胞及其细胞外囊泡在促进组织损伤修复与再生的应用研究中取得了很大进展,为将来无细胞治疗策略提供了临床应用前景。目的:综述尿源性干细胞及其细胞外囊泡在泌尿系统、骨骼系统、神经系统中的修复作用,以及存在的问题及其应用前景。方法:检索PubMed、万方数据库,以"尿源性干细胞,细胞外囊泡,组织损伤修复(膀胱、骨、神经等)"和"urine-derived stem cells,extracellular vesicles,tissue damage repair(bladder;bone;nerve tissue)"为中、英文检索词,检索的时间范围为1989至2020年。通过阅读文题和摘要进行初步筛选;排除中英文文献重复性研究以及内容不相关的文献,最后纳入62篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:尿源性干细胞是从尿液中提取的具有多向分化潜能的细胞群,其生物学特性与间充质干细胞及胚胎干细胞类似。尿源性干细胞衍生细胞外囊泡是一种新的无细胞治疗策略,目前广泛应用于泌尿系统、骨骼系统、神经系统的组织修复。然而现阶段仍处于小型动物的实验研究,还需要进行大量的临床研究以证实其用于组织工程的安全性和可行性,因此尿源性干细胞及其细胞外囊泡将成为再生医学领域中的研究热点。

BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles have made great progress in promoting the repair and regeneration of tissue injury,which provides a promising clinical application for future cell-free therapeutic strategies.OBJECTIVE:To review the repair of urinary-derived stem cells and their extracellular vesicles in the urinary system,the skeletal system,the nervous system,as well as the problems and prospects.METHODS:PubMed and Wanfang databases were searched using“urine-derived stem cells,extracellular vesicles,tissue damage repair(bladder;bone;nerve tissue)”as Chinese and English search terms.The retrieve time range was from 1989 to 2020.By reading titles and abstracts for initial screening,repetitive studies and articles with irrelevant contents in English and Chinese literature were excluded.Finally,62 articles were reviewed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Urine-derived stem cells are a group of cells with multi-directional differentiation potential extracted from urine,and their biological characteristics were similar to mesenchymal stem cells and embryonic stem cells.Extracellular vesicles derived from urine-derived stem cells are a kind of new cell free treatment strategy,which is currently widely used in tissue repair in the urinary system,skeletal system and nervous system.At present,it is still in the small animal experimental study;however,a large number of trials are required to confirm the safety and feasibility of tissue engineering.Thus,the urine-derived stem cells and extracellular vesicles will become a hot spot in the field of regenerative medicine.