冷战时期中间地带的国际互动及启示

International Interactions in Intermediate Zones during the Cold War Years

冷战时期三种不同等级的行为体,在中间地带形成了三个层次的国际互动关系,即超级大国的全球性战略竞争、次级大国(力量中心)参与的局部性竞争与缓和、地区大国参与的地区性竞争与合作。中间地带的三个层次的国际互动呈现出明显的阶段性,其中,超级大国之间的竞争在纵向上贯穿整个冷战时期,在横向上扩展到全球所有地区,而次级大国和地区大国参与的国际互动仅限于一两个阶段和一两个地区,即阶段性和局部性。冷战时期,中间地带在组成和规模上是不断变动的,中间地带与次级大国和地区大国之间会发生相互转化,但次级大国和地区大国在根本上难以撼动冷战两极体制。由于中间地带的变动性、多重性和复杂性,在战略认知上,世界大国应当坚持客观和长远态度,在战略选择上奉行审慎和灵活原则。

During the Cold War years,three kinds of actors,namely superpowers,second-class great powers(power centers),and regional powers,formed three distinct levels of international interactions in intermediate zones.There were evident characteristics for the three kinds of actors and their interactions at different levels and in different intermediate zones.The superpower competition was overarching through all three periods and across all zones,whereas second-class great powers and regional powers were limited to certain periods and zones.These interactions had led to various changes in the configuration and scale of the intermediate zones,along with changes of and exchanges between second-class great powers and specific intermediate zones.Due to intermediate zones’changing characters and complexity,great/world powers nowadays formulate an objective and sustainable strategic perception and apply prudent and flexible principles in policy options.