冷战初期越共结盟政策的缘起与形成(1947—1950)

The Origins and Formulation of the Viet Minh’s Alignment Policy in the Early Cold War Period

冷战初期,越南共产党试图延续其自建国以来带有中立色彩的对外政策,极力避免法越战争国际化。但在冷战向亚洲蔓延、法越战争进入僵持阶段、中国革命形势快速发展、美法关系升温等因素的作用下,越共逐步走上了结盟之路。1950年初,越共追随中共倒向以苏联为首的社会主义阵营标志着其结盟政策的形成。该政策不仅导致越共获得了足以改变战场形势的军事援助,并促成了以中国支援越南进行民族解放斗争为主要形式的中越准军事同盟。更重要的是,越共借社会主义阵营的外交承认解决了法国选择扶植保大政府所引发的政权合法性危机,这也是越共实施结盟政策的直接动因。

At the beginning of the Cold War,the Viet Minh maintained a neutral foreign policy.However,as the Cold War spread to Asia,the Franco-Vietnamese War deadlocked,and the Chinese Revolution was about to succeed.French-American relations also began to improve.Against this background,the Viet Minh gradually abandoned its neutral policy and embarked on a new alignment policy.In early 1950,the DRV followed the People’s Republic of China and chose to lean toward the Soviet Bloc,marking the materialization of DRV’s alignment policy.The alignment policy ensured large amounts of military aid that enabled the Viet Minh to reverse the unfavorable situation on the battleground.It also helped to forge a quasi-military alliance between the DRV and PRC featuring the latter’s support for the former’s liberation war.At the time,France’s plan to prop up a government under Emperor Bao Dai posed a legitimacy crisis for the newly founded DRV.This article suggests that this legitimacy crisis constituted a direct cause of the Viet Minh’s decisionmaking alignment and the DRV solved the crisis by relying on recognition by the Soviet Bloc.