全球盐湖卤水锂矿床的分布特征及其控制因素

Distribution Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Lithium Brine Deposits in the World

盐湖卤水锂资源占全球锂矿总储量的78%,是全球最重要的一种锂矿床类型。研究并总结了全球盐湖卤水型锂矿床的分布特征、物质来源以及成矿规律,并提出了盐湖卤水型锂矿床成矿模型。研究发现,卤水型锂矿床的形成均受控于新构造运动、封闭-半封闭的低洼汇水盆地以及极端干旱的气候条件等因素,所有卤水型锂矿床均与新生代地质水热活动有密切关联,成矿物质特别是锂元素主要来源于火山喷发岩,经热泉水、温泉水以及大气降水等的水-岩作用后迁移富集。

As the most important type of lithium deposits in the world,78%of lithium brine resources are in the salt lakes.The paper focused on the distribution characteristics,material source and ore-forming mechanism of lithium brine deposit in the world,and gave the deposit model of lithium brine.The results showed that all lithium brine deposits are controlled by neotectonics,enclosed/semi-enclosed low catchment basin and hyper-arid climate conditions,and related to the Cenozoic geological hydrothermal activities.The ore-forming materials,especially lithium element,are derived from volcanic,which were migrated and enriched after water-rock interaction by hydrothermal spring water and atmospheric precipitation.