世界及我国奶山羊产业发展现状及趋势分析

Current Status and Development Trend of Global and Chinese Dairy Goat Production

近年来,世界山羊养殖数量持续增长,据联合国粮农组织(FAO)统计显示,2018年全球山羊养殖数量已超10.4亿只,其中奶山羊养殖数量超2.16亿只,约有90%以上的奶山羊和山羊奶产自亚洲和非洲。欧洲的奶山羊存栏和产奶量均在亚洲和非洲之后,但其单产水平远高于其他各大洲,在世界奶山羊每只平均年产奶量100 kg以上的国家中,前十位均为欧洲国家。我国奶山羊产业发展迅速,2018年我国奶山羊实际存栏约518万只,年产羊奶量约100万t,约占全国鲜奶产量的3.3%。本文对全球及我国奶山羊产业进行了纵向和横向比较,客观分析我国奶山羊产业的地位、发展现状以及未来发展趋势,旨在为我国奶山羊产业的发展提供参考。

In recent years,the number of goats farming continues to increase.The data from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)showed that more than 1.04 billion goats were farmed worldwide in 2018,of which over 216 million dairy goats were raised.There were about 90%dairy goats and goats’milk came from Asia and Africa.Although Europe came after Asia and Africa in goat population and milk production,its milk yield per goat a year was much higher than that of any other continents.Around the world,the top 10 were all European countries for the annual milk yield over 100 kg per goat.The data from FAO showed that there were 1.24 million goats in Chinese mainland,ranking 30th in the world;the annual output of goat milk was 223,000 tons,ranking 20th in the world;the annual output of milk per goat was 179.6 kg,ranking 38th in the world.However,there were great differences between the above data and the actual situation of dairy goat breeding in China.Statistically,the actual dairy goat population in China was about 5.18 million,and the total annual goat milk production was about 1 million tons which represented about 3.3%of fresh milk production in the whole nation.Dairy goats were widely distributed in the world because of their high economic value and wide production use.Especially,dairy goat industry plays pivotal roles in poverty reduction and improving the physical fitness of the people in developing countries.This review provides reference for the development of dairy goat industry in China by making a vertical and horizontal comparison with the global and domestic dairy goat industry.