贺兰山马麝秋季生境选择

Study on the Habitat Selection of Alpine Musk Deer in the Helan Mountains in Autumn

为了更好地保护和管理贺兰山的马麝Moschus sifanicus种群,2014—2016年秋季,采用样线法和样方法对贺兰山马麝的秋季生境选择进行研究。共记录利用样方181个,对照样方75个,测定了17种生态因子。对非数值型生态因子采用拟合优度卡方检验进行分析,使用Bonferroni不等式分析马麝对其的偏好性,然后通过非参数检验Mann-Whitney U检验对利用样方与对照样方中的13种数值型生态因子进行比较,最后对数值型生态因子中差异显著的8个生态因子采用逐步判别分析。结果表明:(1)马麝偏好以青海云杉Picea crassifolia为优势乔木的山地针叶林阴坡的中坡位。(2)马麝趋向于海拔高、乔木密度高、乔木距离近、灌木密度低、人为干扰距离远、距裸岩距离远、隐蔽级高的栖息地类型。(3)差异性显著的生态因子按照贡献值大小依次为:隐蔽级、距裸岩距离、海拔、人为干扰距离、灌木密度、乔木高度、乔木距离和乔木密度,隐蔽级是影响马麝秋季生境选择最重要的生态因子。

Study on the habitat selection of wildlife is one of the most important contents of wildlife management.During the autumn of 2014-2016,the habitat selection of alpine musk deer(Moschus sifanicus)was studied using the transect method and quadrat method in the Helan Mountains.Seventeen ecological factors were measured in 181 used quadrats and 75 control quadrats.Non-numerical ecological factors were analyzed using the chi-square test,and Bonferroni s inequality was used to analyze the preference or avoidance of M.sifanicus.Mann-Whitney U-test was then used to compare the differences of 13 numberical ecological facrors between used quadrats and control quadrats.Finally,stepwise discriminant function analysis was used to analyze the 8 ecological factors with significant differences among the numerical ecological factors.The results showed that:(1)M.sifanicus prefers mountain coniferous forest with Picea crassifolia as the dominant tree at shady and middle slope;(2)M.sifanicus prefers the habitats with higher elevation,higher tree density,closer distance to tree,lower shrub density,farther distance to human disturbance,farther distance to the bare rock and higher sheltering;(3)ecological factors with significant differences were ranked according to their contribution values with sheltering level as the highest,followed by distance to bare rock,elevation,distance to human disturbance,shrub density,tree height,distance to tree and tree density.Sheltering is the most important ecological factor which affects habitat selection of M.sifanicus in autumn.