冬季新捕和冻储鲫鱼替换对扎龙国家级自然保护区圈养丹顶鹤摄食需求的影响

Effects of Fresh and Frozen Storage Crucian Carp Replacement in Winter on Grus japonensis Food Intake in the Zhalong National Nature Reserve

扎龙国家级自然保护区圈养丹顶鹤Grus japonensis的冬季食物通常是冻储鲫鱼Carassius auratus和玉米Zea mays。为验证冬初与冬末冻储鲫鱼和新捕鲫鱼的交互替换可能对圈养丹顶鹤摄食需求产生的影响,分别在冬初和冬末将冻储鲫鱼与新捕鲫鱼替换7 d,对分别饲喂冻储鲫鱼(冻储鲫鱼组)与新捕鲫鱼(新捕鲫鱼组)的成体丹顶鹤(10对/组)的摄食量和摄入能量进行比较。结果发现,冬初7 d 2组的摄食量和摄入能量的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);冬末,前3 d新捕鲫鱼组的摄食鲫鱼质量和摄入总能量均显著减少(P<0.05)、取食玉米粒质量均显著增加(P<0.05),后4 d及7 d总摄食量和摄入能量的组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。冬末长期冻存的冻储鲫鱼与新捕鲫鱼之间质的差别较大,适应摄食冻储鲫鱼的丹顶鹤在替换新捕鲫鱼初期会发生短暂厌食的生理反应,厌食时间较短,因此不会对其生存及健康产生较大影响。

Frozen storage crucian carp(Carassius auratus)and corn(Zea mays)are normally used to feed captive red-crowned cranes(Grus japonensis)in winter in the Zhalong National Nature Reserve.In order to test the occurrence of anorexia reaction and the impact of fresh and frozen storage crucian carp replacement on food or energy intake of captive cranes,the food and energy intake of 2 groups(10 pairs/group)of adult red-crowned cranes fed with frozen carps(frozen group)and fresh carps(fresh group)were compared in 7 consecutive days in early and late winter,respectively.The results showed that there was no significant difference on food and energy intake between the two groups in early winter(P>0.05).However,in the first 3 days after food replacement in late winter,the intake of fresh crucian carp and total energy intake decreased significantly(P<0.05),the intake of corn increased significantly(P<0.05),while no significant difference of food and energy intake of the two groups was detected in the last 4 days and the whole 7 days(P>0.05).In conclusion,although the red-crowned crane will experience a short-term anorexia reaction after the replacement of frozen carps by fresh carps in late winter,the short anorexia period will not significantly influence the survival and health of the red-crowned cranes.