测土配方施肥对菊花苗期生长发育、土壤性质及养分吸收的影响

Effects of Soil Testing and Formula Fertilization on Growth,Soil Properties and Nutrient Absorption of Chrysanthemum in Seedling Stage

在测土配方施肥条件下研究切花菊苗期养分吸收转运规律,为切花菊‘南农黄蜂窝’提供苗期的最佳施肥方案。氮、磷、钾设置3个因素,氮为0、30、60、90 kg/hm^(2);磷为0、24、48、72 kg/hm^(2);钾为0、36、72、108 kg/hm^(2);按照“3414”方案,设计14个处理,测定不同施肥处理下切花菊生长指标、土壤理化性质、切花菊氮磷钾养分含量。结果显示:氮、磷、钾肥的施入能显著改善切花菊的农艺性状包括株高、茎粗、地下部鲜干重、茎鲜干重、叶鲜干重,其中,N_(2)P_(2)K_(1)处理(氮、磷、钾分别为60、48、36 kg/hm^(2))长势最佳,在45 d时,其株高、茎粗、地下部鲜重、茎鲜重、叶鲜重、地下部干重、茎干重、叶干重分别为对照的1.30倍、1.09倍、2.20倍、1.90倍、1.88倍、1.87倍、1.47倍、1.80倍;不同施肥处理对土壤的理化性质影响显著,其中施肥处理的土壤pH,表现为整体下降趋势,土壤中的速效成分包括铵态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别与氮、磷、钾肥施入量呈显著正相关关系,N2P2K_(1)处理土壤中的速效成分包括铵态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别是对照的1.15倍、1.40倍、1.06倍;氮、磷、钾肥的施入影响植株养分含量,施肥处理比对照处理的植株全氮、全磷、全钾含量均显著增加,N_(2)P_(2)K_(1)处理植株全氮、全磷、全钾含量为25.13、4.50、55.54 g/kg,分别是对照的1.37倍、1.12倍、1.26倍。综合考虑测土情况及切花菊苗期各项生长指标,推荐切花菊‘南农黄蜂窝’苗期的施肥方案为氮(N)60 kg/hm^(2)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))48 kg/hm^(2)、钾(K_(2)O)36 kg/hm^(2)。

In this study,nutrient absorption and transportation of cut chrysanthemum‘Nannong Huangfengwo’in the seedling stage were studied under the condition of soil testing and formula fertilization,and the optimized fertilization scheme was concluded.There were 14 treatments in total according to the“3414”design,the designed N,P and K applied levels included:N,0(N0,CK),30(N1),60(N2)and 90(N3)kg/hm^(2);P,0(P_(0),CK),24(P_(1)),48(P_(2))and 72(P_(3))kg/hm^(2);K,0(K_(1),CK),36(K_(1)),72(K_(2))and108(K_(3))kg/hm^(2).The results indicated that the application of N,P and K fertilizers could significantly improve the agronomic characters of cut chrysanthemum‘Nannong Huangfengwo’.The results showed that,among all treatments,N2P_(2)K_(1) had the highest growth benefit,offer 45 d of growth,the index of plant height,stem diameter,root fresh weight,stem and leaf fresh weight,root dry weight,stem and leaf dry weight were 1.30,1.09,2.20,1.90,1.88,1.87,1.47 and 1.80 folds of the CK,respectively.Different fertilizer treatments showed the significant effects on soil physiochemical properties,soil pH decreased with the increased N,P and K fertilizers,and the contents of soil available N,P and K were positively correlated with the increased amount of N,P and K fertilizers.In N_(2)P_(2)K_(1),the contents of soil available N,P and K were 1.15,1.40 and 1.06 folds of the CK.Total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents in cut chrysanthemum under N2P_(2)K_(1) treatment were 25.13,4.50 and 55.54 g/kg,respectively,which were 1.37,1.12 and 1.26 folds of the CK.In conclusion,by comprehensively considering soil condition and the growth of cut chrysanthemum at the seedling stage,the best and recommended fertilization scheme for cut chrysanthemum‘Nannong Huangfengwo’is N 60 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)48 kg/hm^(2) and K_(2)O 36 kg/hm^(2).