摘要
目的调查开设护理学专业本科教育的院校官方网站所反映的护理本科社区护理(community healthnursing,CHN)相关课程开设的现状。方法本文为描述性研究,以中国目前开设护理学专业本科的各院校官方网站为数据来源,采用检查清单记录社区护理系列课程,包括社区护理学、老年护理学,康复护理学和健康教育课程的开设学年,课程类型、学分、理论和实践教学学时,并通过指定教科书来评价课程教学内容。结果经院校官方网站的搜索,在中国开设护理学专业本科的院校中有16所学院和26所大学的官网提供了课程设置的详细信息。在这些网络可获取资料的护理院校中,大多数院校(92.86%)开设了3~4门社区护理相关课程。其中,社区护理学、老年护理学和康复护理学主要在大学三年级开设,而健康教育课程仅见于21所院校开设的课程介绍,且在不同院校开设学年各不相同。社区护理学一般为2个学分的必修课,其他课程多为低于2个学分的选修课。大约一半的院校在社区护理学、老年护理学和康复护理学课程中设置了实践学时,但实践课占课程总学时比例小于50%。社区护理系列课程的教学内容侧重于对学生临床护理能力的培养,如健康评估、观察和治疗、疾病管理等,而忽视了如文化胜任力,科学研究,经济预算等补充能力的培养。结论各院校官方网站呈现的信息反映了社区护理教育在中国还处于起步阶段。社区护理系列课程应纳入课程设置,并开展教学改革和创新,以培养胜任初级卫生保健和社区工作的护理人才。
Objective:To survey current community health nursing(CHN)courses offered in baccalaureate nursing programs in the mainland of China from the perspective on information available on websites of colleges and universities.Methods:A descriptive research design was used.Data were collected from the official websites of colleges and universities providing baccalaureate nursing programs in the mainland of China.A checklist was applied to identify academic year,type of course,credit,and class hours for both theory and practice teaching of CHN courses including Community Nursing,Geriatric Nursing,Rehabilitation Nursing,and Health Education.The prescribed textbooks were consulted for teaching content.Results:Colleges(n?16)and universities(n?26)offering baccalaureate nursing programs with accessible online information for curriculum setting were recruited.The results showed that most of the accessible educational institutions(92.86%)have offered three to four investigated CHN courses.Community Nursing,Geriatric Nursing and Rehabilitation Nursing are generally offered to juniors,while Health Education is offered in half of these institutions in different academic years.Community Nursing is mainly offered as a required course with 2 credits,while Geriatric Nursing,Rehabilitation Nursing and Health Education are provided as elective courses with fewer credits.Around half of the institutions have practice hours for Community Nursing,Geriatric Nursing and Rehabilitation Nursing courses.However,the proportion of practice hours in the courses is generally less than 50%.The teaching content focuses on clinical care competencies instead of complementary competencies.Conclusion:It was revealed that CHN education in China is still in its infancy from website information of colleges and universities.CHN courses should be included in curriculum design,and teaching reforms and innovations should be taken to prepare nursing students to practice in primary health care and community settings.
作者
蔡端颖
Duanying Cai(School of Nursing,Jiujiang University,Jiujiang,China)
