城市化、科教政策与技术创新能力——基于中国省级层面的实证分析

Urbanization,Science and Education Policy and Technological Innovation Capability——An Empirical Analysis at the Provincial Level in China

创新是一个民族进步的灵魂。城市化可以通过科教事业的发展促进技术创新能力和水平的提升。文中将城市化、科教政策、技术创新能力三者之间的关系纳入同一分析框架,并利用中国2008—2017年的省级面板数据,通过建立线性与非线性的面板数据模型,对三者之间的关系进行了实证检验。研究发现:城市化水平均对科教政策具有显著的简单的正向影响,城市化水平对技术创新能力具有显著的简单的负向作用。科教政策对技术创新能力具有简单的正向影响,但影响不显著,表明科教政策的溢出效应具有滞后性,即政府的“政策红利效应”不显著。技术创新能力对科教政策的影响较为复杂。当技术创新能力达到一定水平时,将会促使教育资源及政府的科教支出不断向城市集中,促使科教支出水平的提升,进而推动技术创新水平的提升,形成良性循环。因此,需要进一步协调城市化水平与技术创新能力之间的关系,加快产业结构调整与升级,转变经济增长方式,促使地区经济协调均衡发展。

Innovation is the soul of a nation’s progress.Urbanization can promote technological innovation ability and level through the development of science and education.In this paper,the relationship among urbanization,science and education policy and technological innovation capability is brought into the same analysis framework,and the relationship between them is empirically tested through the establishment of linear and nonlinear panel data models by using provincial panel data of China from 2008 to 2017.The results show that the level of urbanization has a significant and simple positive impact on science and education policy,and the level of urbanization has a significant and simple negative impact on technological innovation ability.Science and education policy has a simple positive impact on technological innovation ability,but the impact is not significant,indicating that the spillover effect of science and education policy has a lag,that is,the policy dividend effect of the government is not significant.The influence of technological innovation ability on science and education policy is more complex.When the technological innovation ability reaches a certain level,it will promote the concentration of educational resources and government expenditure on science and education to the city,promote the level of expenditure on science and education,and then promote the level of technological innovation,forming a virtuous circle.Therefore,it is necessary to further coordinate the relationship between urbanization level and technological innovation ability,accelerate the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure,change the mode of economic growth,and promote the coordinated and balanced development of regional economy.