OECD规制影响评价制度及其对中国重大科技决策评价制度之启示——兼论《科技进步法》第十三条

Regulatory Impact Assessment:OECD Experience and Its Enlightenment to China's Major Science and Technology Decision-making Evaluation System——Concurrently Discuss Article 13 of the Science and Technology Progress Law

重大科技决策评价制度在保障重大科技决策的科学性、民主性方面发挥着关键作用,然而我国现行《科技进步法》第十三条对重大科技决策评价的相关规定过于抽象和单薄,有必要加以完善。在行政行为类型化理论中,科技决策作为一项具体行政行为是规制的一种表现形式。通过对规制影响评价制度的确立背景、运作流程及成效进行分析发现,规制影响评价在OECD成员国中已经取得明显实效并得到广泛认可。同时,我国重大科技决策评价制度在现有法律规定上至少存在如下三方面不足:尚未构建完整的事前事后评价机制;现有重大科技决策咨询制度可操作性不强;现有相关制度保障尚不健全。因此,从完善我国重大科技决策评价制度角度出发,提出如下3点建议:在现有事前评价的基础上增加事后评价机制;从整体上完善重大科技决策评价法律保障;细化重大科技决策评价所需的程序性规范。

The major scientific and technological decision-making evaluation system plays a particularly critical role in ensuring the scientific and democratic nature of major scientific and technological decision-making.However,the relevant provisions on major scientific and technological decision-making evaluation in Article 13 of China’s current Science and Technology Progress Law are too abstract.Therefore,it is necessary to be improved.In the theory of administrative behavior typology,scientific and technological decision-making as a specific administrative behavior is a manifestation of regulation.Through analysis of the establishment background,operation process and effectiveness of the regulatory impact evaluation system,it is found that Regulatory Impact Assessment has achieved significant results and is widely recognized in OECD countries.Whereas,deficiencies of the China's major science and technology decision-making evaluation system do exist in at least the following three aspects in terms of existing laws:the lack of ex-post evaluation system mechanism;the existing major science and technology decision-making consultation system is not practicable;the existing relevant institutional guarantee is not perfect.Therefore,from the perspective of improving China's major science and technology decision-making evaluation system,the following three suggestions are proposed:establishing an ex-post evaluation mechanism on the basis of the existing ex-ante evaluation;perfecting the law concerning the evaluation of major science and technology decision-making;refining the procedural norms required for the evaluation of major scientific and technological decisions-making.