上海市嘉定区2017—2019年蟑螂侵害现状及居家灭蟑效果研究

Surveillance of cockroach population and evaluation of control effects in households from 2017 to 2019 in Jiading District of Shanghai

【目的】了解上海市嘉定区2017—2019年蟑螂侵害状况,评估居民户灭蟑效果,为蟑螂防治提供依据。【方法】采用呋虫胺杀蟑胶饵结合环境清理对居民户进行灭蟑,采用粘捕法和目测法开展农贸市场、超市、宾馆、餐饮场所、医院、居民区6种生态环境(生境)调查,目测法开展居民户灭蟑前后蟑螂侵害调查。【结果】粘捕法监测,房间蟑螂总侵害率为3.24%,粘捕率为3.29%,蟑螂密度为0.06只/张,5月为活动高峰,侵害率及密度呈现逐年下降趋势。德国小蠊为优势种,占71.88%。农贸集市粘捕率、侵害率和密度最高,其次为医院和居民区。目测法调查,房间蟑螂总侵害率为1.16%,蟑迹侵害率为4.44%,1月成若虫侵害率最高。农贸市场成若虫侵害率最高,其次为医院和居民区。居家灭蟑前目测法调查蟑螂总房间、成若虫、蟑迹、卵鞘房间侵害率分别为59.01%、48.45%、54.04%、17.39%;施药后各侵害指标显著下降,30 d下降率均大于80%。【结论】嘉定区蟑螂侵害保持在较低水平,应加强农贸市场、医院和居民区等重点生境蟑螂侵害监测与防治。居民家庭胶饵灭蟑结合环境清理灭蟑效果显著,并有一定的持续性,今后可应用于居民家庭蟑螂防治工作。

[Objective]To learn the population and infestation rates of cockroaches from 2017 to 2019 in Jiading District of Shanghai,to evaluate the effect of cockroach termination in household,and to provide information for cockroach control.[Methods]Cockroaches were controlled by dinotefuran baits and clean-up in households.Sticky trap and visual method were employed for density monitoring in farmers markets,supermarkets,hotels,restaurants,hospitals,and residential areas.Visual method was used in households before and after using the insecticide.[Results]Sticky trap result showed the room infestation rate was 3.24%,mean adhesion rate was 3.29%,the density was 0.06 per board,and the density peak appeared in May.Rate of invasion and density decreased year by year.Blattella germanica was the dominant species,counting for 71.88%.The density,and rate of infestation,as determined by sticky trap method,were the highest in the farmers markets,followed by hospitals and residential areas.Determined by visual method,room infestation rate was 1.16%,and the infestation rate was 4.44%.The peak appeared in January.Infestation rate of the farmers markets was the highest,followed by hospitals and residential areas.By visual method,the room infestation rate was 59.01%,and 48.45%for nymphs.The room infestation and ootheca rates were 54.04%and 17.39%.The rate decreased more than 80%in 30 days after use of the insecticide.[Conclusion]Infestation rate of cockroach remains at low level in Jiading District.The effect of bait combined with environmental cleaning is remarkable.Future work should strengthen monitoring and control in farmers markets,hospitals and residential areas.