个人信息“可识别性”扩张之反思与限缩

Reflection on the Expansion of“Identifiability”of Personal Information and Restriction

公民个人信息范围的不断扩张不仅会消减个人信息法律保护的效果,也使信息使用的空间备受挤压,而这与“可识别性”标准不无关系。“可识别性”标准的泛化,既源于其固有的理论缺陷,也与立法上的疏漏有关,由此导致了实践中“可识别性”无限递归、对识别能力判断存疑、实质违法性认定偏差等一系列问题。在现行法律框架下,用规范目的校准“可识别性”不失为一条进路。将个人信息与特定自然人的人格利益对应,并将“识别”作为虚拟人格对现实人格的指征,不仅可以化解上述问题,而且能最大限度消弭过度安全本位对法治的危害。

The extent of citizens’personal information presents a continuing rise.It not only reduces the effect of legal protection of personal information,but also squeezes the space of information use,which is not unrelated to“identifiable standards”.The expansibility of the“identifiability”standard is due both to its inherent theoretical flaws and to the failed continuation of legislative activities.These have also led to a series of problems,such as infinite traceability of“identifiability”,difficulty in judging the identification ability,and mistakes in the determination of substantial illegality.Under the current legal framework,it is reasonable to judge“identifiability”by legal interest.Personal information should correspond to personal interests of a specific natural person,and“identification”must be used as a sign of virtual personality to real personality.This not only solves the problems mentioned above,but also eliminates the threat of excessive security standards against the rule of law.