美国高等教育服务贸易的发展经验及启示

The Development Experience and Revelation of Service Trade in American Higher Education

美国作为全球最大的教育服务贸易出口国,其高等教育服务贸易经历了起步、飞速发展和缓慢发展阶段,并从引入市场机制、整合现有资源、重视教育质量、政府宏观调控等方面进行了积极改进,取得了一系列令人瞩目的成绩。而我国高等教育服务贸易发展存在教育服务贸易长年逆差、教育经费来源单一、国际竞争力不足、政策制度不完善等问题。因此,应借鉴美国的先进经验,转变传统观念、优化教育资源、发挥比较优势、采取宏观调控等措施,以提升教育质量、找准市场定位、优化政策环境,更好地促进我国高等教育服务贸易发展。

As the largest exporter of education service trade in the world,the United States has experienced the stages of starting,rapid development and slow development in its higher education service trade,and has made a series of remarkable achievements from the aspects of introducing market mechanism,integrating existing resources,attaching importance to the quality of education and macro-control of the government.However,the development of higher education service trade in China has the problems of long-term deficit of education service trade,single source of education funds,insufficient international competitiveness and imperfect policy system.Therefore,we should learn from the advanced experience of the United States,change traditional ideas,optimize educational resources,give full play to comparative advantages,and take macro-control measures to improve the quality of education,find the right market positioning,optimize the policy environment,and better promote the development of higher education service trade in China.