改革开放四十年来中国中学数学课程发展的历程及特点分析

The Development and Its Characteristics of Chinese Secondary School Mathematics Curriculum:A Historial Analysis of the Past 40 Years’Reform

改革开放40年来,中国中学数学课程发展经历了探索数学课程发展道路(1978—1991),尝试建立数学课程体系(1992—2000),初步建立数学课程体系(2001—2010),完善数学课程体系(2011—现今)4个阶段.中学数学课程在发展过程中,呈现出以下特点:课程目标体系和内容逐步完善,经历了从"双基目标"到"三维目标"再到"基于四基四能的核心素养目标"的发展;课程内容从关注具体知识点到领域再到主线主题;函数从代数中分离出来,成为数学课程内容的主线;平面几何由论证几何为主到直观几何为主再到论证几何与直观几何结合,立体几何由论证几何到向量几何与论证几何的融合,直观几何、变换几何、解析几何、向量几何与论证几何的观点在几何课程都有体现,几何与代数的融合成为趋势;统计与概率成为独立领域/主线,内容逐渐稳步增加;综合与实践、数学建模与数学探究活动成为数学课程的重要内容;课程的选择性成为主要趋势,课程内容的编排方式,经历了"综合→分科→综合"的循环式发展,综合成为趋势.

Since the reform and opening up about 40 years ago,Chinese secondary school mathematics curriculum has experienced four stages:the stage of exploring the development of mathematics curriculum(1977—1991),the stage of trying to establish a mathematics curriculum system(1992—2000),the stage of establishing a mathematics curriculum system(2001—2010),and the stage of refining the mathematics curriculum system(2011—today).The development process of Chinese secondary school mathematics curriculum has several characteristics.The curriculum objectives and contents have gradually improved based on the development from the"two-basics goal"to the"three-dimensional goal"and then to the"four basics and four abilities based core literacy goal."The contents of the curriculum ranged from focusing on specific knowledge in mathematics to the big ideas in mathematics.Function,separated it from the strand of algebra,has become the big idea connecting other curriculum contents.Plane geometry has changed from proof-based geometry to exploration-based geometry and then to a combination of proof and exploration based geometry;solid geometry changed from proof-based geometry to integration of vector geometry and proof-based geometry in which the viewpoints of exploratory geometry,transformational geometry,analytic geometry,vector,and proof are integrated in the geometry curriculum.The integration of geometry and algebra has become a trend.Statistics and probability have become independent strand,and the content topics in statistics and probability have steadily increased.Comprehensive and applied activities,mathematical modeling,and mathematical investigation activities became important content areas of the secondary mathematics curriculum.The arrangement of the curriculum content topics have undergone a circular development of"integrating-dividing-integrating".