民间传说的在地化特征——江西省石城县“罗隐秀才传说”调查

Localization Characteristics of Folklore——Investigation on the Legend of Luo Yin Scholar in Shicheng County,Jiangxi Province

客家地区广泛流传着“讨饭骨头圣旨口”的罗隐秀才传说,从石城县的传说在地化调查中可见,各地民间传说相似性、稳定性的表现主要有二:一是创编思维的相似性,只要社会条件、叙事目的、思维逻辑三者相似,虽说是各自创编,但故事的结构思路是相似的;二是接受心理的相似性,故事传播中,相似的生活逻辑导致流传地民众毫无障碍地接受了这些故事,并使之在地化为本地传说。民间传说的变异性也有二种表现:一是记忆偏差导致的传说变异,大凡故事中核心设置相似的人物传说,尤其容易发生情节互渗,共享一些由该设置而派生的情节类型;二是判断偏差导致的传说变异,主观意愿和情感偏向,会影响到传播者的判断偏差。

The legend of Luo Yin scholar of beggar’bones and king’s mouth,is widely told in Hakka area.According to the localization investigation of the legend in Shicheng County,there are two similarities in different folklores:the first is the similarity of creative thinking,as long as the social conditions,narrative purpose and thinking logic are similar,although they are created separately,the structural thinking of stories is similar;The second is the similarity of reception psychology.The similar life logic in the story dissemination leads the people in the local area to accept these stories without any obstacles and turn them into local legends.There are also two variations in those folklores:the first is the legend variation caused by memory deviation.Most people's legends with similar core settings in stories are especially prone to plot infiltration and share some plot types derived from this setting;The second is the legend variation caused by judgment deviation.Subjective will and emotional bias will affect the judgment deviation of communicators.