不同滴灌水量对设施果桑生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Amount on Growth and Yield of Fruit Mulberry Grown in Greenhouse

为优化设施果桑的灌溉制度,以果桑品种“大10”为研究对象,以常规漫灌水量(T 1组,4000 m^(3)/hm^(2))为对照,研究了不同滴灌水量处理[常规漫灌水量的85%(T 2组)、70%(T 3组)和55%(T 4组)]对果桑生长发育及产量的影响。结果显示:与T 1相比,T 2处理下果桑生长指标、光合指标及产量性状显著提高,T 3处理下果桑生长指标、光合指标及产量性状无显著差异,T 4处理下果桑生长指标、光合指标及产量性状显著降低。主成分分析显示,叶绿素、叶片重、株产量、叶宽、氮含量、水分利用率、叶长在PC 1上有较高的负荷,累积贡献率为86.378%;横径在PC 2上有较高的负荷,贡献率为99.4%;综合得分和贡献率乘积之和显示,不同滴灌水量对设施果桑生长特性及产量指标影响排名依次为T 2>T 3>T 1>T 4。由此可知,江西地区设施果桑的滴灌水量宜控制在2800~3400 m^(3)/hm^(2),该滴灌水量栽培下可节约用水量15%~30%,并提高果桑产量19.30%~35.62%。

In order to optimize the irrigation system of fruit mulberry under installation cultivation,we investigated the growth and yield of the mulberry variety‘Da 10’cultivated under the control of conventional drip irrigation amount(T 1,4000 m^(3)/hm^(2))and other three treatments,such as 85%(T 2),70%(T 3)and 55%(T 4)of conventional amount.The results showed that compared with T 1,the growth index,photosynthesis index and yield of fruit mulberry under T 2 treatment were significantly improved.There was no significant difference in growth index,photosynthesis index and yield of mulberry between T 3 and T 1 treatments.However,the indicators and yield under T 4 treatment were significantly lower than that under T 1 control.Principal component analysis revealed that chlorophyll,leaf weight,plant yield,leaf width,nitrogen content,water use efficiency and leaf length had a higher load on PC 1 than other indices,with the cumulative contribution rate of 86.378%.The transverse diameter had a higher load on PC 2,with the contribution rate of 99.4%.Ranked by combined comprehensive score and contribution rate,the growth and yield of fruit mulberry was best under T 2 treatment,followed by T 3,T 1 and T 4.Our finding indicates that the water amount of drip irrigation in the facility cultivation of fruit mulberry in Jiangxi Province should be controlled between 2800~3400 m^(3)/hm^(2).Under this irrigation condition,it can reduce the water consumption by 15%~30%and increase the yield of mulberry by 19.30%~35.62%.