水肥耦合对植烟土壤理化性质和烤烟产质量的影响

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Physical and Chemical Properties of Tobacco-growing Soil and Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

为了探究水肥耦合对福建龙岩烟区植烟土壤理化性质和烤烟产质量的影响,在福建省龙岩市上杭县开展田间小区试验,设计CK(常规施基肥和追肥)、T 1(常规施基肥,追肥采用常规肥料,水肥一体化模式)、T 2(常规施基肥,追肥采用液体肥,水肥一体化模式)。试验结果表明:与CK相比,T 1、T 2处理烟田土壤的速效钾含量分别提高500.19、519.50 mg/kg,速效磷含量分别提高55.46%、72.94%,有机质分别提高14.38%、18.53%;T 2处理pH最接近烟草生长适宜值。T 1、T 2处理烤后烟叶单叶重增加,含梗率降低,厚度减小;两糖含量降低,总氮含量和钾氯比提高,糖碱比更接近优质烤烟范围。烤后烟叶中性致香物质含量分别提高4.27%和22.34%;多酚类物质含量分别提高9.91%和24.32%;产量、产值、均价以及上等烟比例分别提高了55.94 kg/hm^(2)、2205.33元/hm^(2)、0.27元/kg、2.56%。综上,采用水肥耦合追施液体肥处理的效果最优。

In order to explore the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on physical and chemical properties of tobacco-growing soil,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Longyan tobacco area of Fujian Province,a field plot experiment was conducted in Shanghang County,Longyan City,Fujian Province in March 2018.Three treatments were set up including CK:conventional application of base fertilizer and topdressing,T 1:conventional fertilizer,integrated mode of water and fertilizer,T 2:conventional application of base fertilizer,liquid fertilizer and integrated mode of water and fertilizer.The results showed that compared with the control group,the content of available potassium in T 1 and T 2 increased by 500.19 mg/kg and 519.50 mg/kg.The content of available phosphorus increased by 55.46%and 72.94%,and the content of organic matter increased by 14.38%and 18.53%respectively.The pH of T 2 was the most suitable for tobacco growth.The weight of single leaf of flue-cured tobacco in T 1 and T 2 increased.The stem content decreased.The thickness decreased.The content of two sugars decreased.The content of total nitrogen and the ratio of potassium to chlorine increased,and the ratio of sugar to alkali was closer to the range of high quality flue-cured tobacco.The content of neutral aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco leaves increased by 4.27%and 22.34%respectively.The content of polyphenols increased by 9.91%and 24.32%respectively,and the output,output value,average price and the proportion of high-quality tobacco increased by 55.94 kg/hm^(2),2205.33 yuan/hm^(2),0.27 yuan/kg and 2.56%,respectively.T 2,the treatment of coupling water and fertilizer topdressing liquid fertilizer,was the best treatment.